{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T09:24:41Z","timestamp":1787217881824,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic pain (CP) impacts people's work in a variety of ways but no instrument captures the totality of these impacts. This study aimed to develop and validate a new instrument, \u2018Working with Chronic Pain: Assessment of Impacts\u2019 (WORC\u2010PAIN).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We employed a sequential mixed\u2010methods design: 1. Focus groups with people with CP and other stakeholders to identify key domains of work affected by CP; 2. A multi\u2010stage Delphi process to refine items based on identified domains; 3. Testing WORC\u2010PAIN within a cohort of people working with CP and analysing responses using factor analysis to identify subscales which were tested for internal consistency, concurrent validity, and test\u2013retest reliability. Concurrently, item comprehension was evaluated via a Think Aloud process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      50 focus group participants defined domains for inclusion. Items were drafted based on domains, and input from 12 Delphi Stage 1 and 55 Delphi Stage 2 participants further refined these. 919 people with CP completed the WORC\u2010PAIN questionnaire and nine participated in the Think Aloud process. Three key domains were identified from the factor analysis: wider impacts of working with CP, day\u2010to\u2010day impacts, and individual and job\u2010based facilitators to support working with CP. Subscales were generated for each domain and were shown to have good internal consistency (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.60\u20130.89), convergent validity, and test\u2013retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients\u2009=\u20090.82\u20130.92).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>WORC\u2010PAIN is a new instrument, developed with people living with CP, which can quantify effects of CP on work and which will facilitate interventions to better support people living with CP to work.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article presents on the development and validation of a new instrument to measure impacts of chronic pain on work. Over 100 people with experience of working with chronic pain and other key stakeholders were involved in its development, and the new \u2018Working with Chronic Pain: Assessment of Impacts\u2019 (WORC\u2010PAIN) instrument can validly and reliably measure impacts that are important to people working with chronic pain at a population\u2010level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.70337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T04:51:55Z","timestamp":1785387115000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Validation of the \u2018Working With Chronic Pain: Assessment of Impacts\u2019 (\n                    <scp>WORC<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>PAIN<\/scp>\n                    ) Questionnaire for People in Paid Work With Chronic Pain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8331-3886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"LaKrista","family":"Morton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis UK\/Medical Research Council Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis UK\/Medical Research Council Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Stuart","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis UK\/Medical Research Council Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Goodson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis UK\/Medical Research Council Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, Liverpool John Moores University  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Madan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis UK\/Medical Research Council Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, Guy's &amp; St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. M. Suzanne","family":"Verstappen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis UK\/Medical Research Council Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Wainwright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis UK\/Medical Research Council Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Walker\u2010Bone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary J.","family":"Macfarlane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis UK\/Medical Research Council Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Hollick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis UK\/Medical Research Council Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-2034-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105318781942"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Working for a Healthier Tomorrow: Dame Carol Black's Review of the Health of Britain's Working Age Population","author":"Black C. 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