{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T07:59:13Z","timestamp":1790150353384,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Altered immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation was implicated in various conditions, but its role in fibromyalgia (FM) remains unclear. This study investigated IgG glycosylation patterns in FM patients and associations between glycosylation changes and clinical profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recruited 30 FM patients and 30 healthy controls. Sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory, BAI), depression (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI), widespread pain (Widespread Pain Index), symptom severity (Symptom Severity Scale), functional impact (FM impact questionnaire, FIQ), pain intensity (Visual Analog Scale), and pressure pain threshold were evaluated at baseline in both groups and after 6\u2009months in FM patients. Glycosylation traits were quantified for IgG1, IgG2, and combined IgG3\/4. Partial Least Squares explored multivariate associations between glycosylation and clinical changes. Hierarchical clustering explored glycosylation\u2010change subgroups and compared clinical changes across them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      FM patients had higher baseline PSQI, BAI, and BDI scores than controls, whereas the baseline IgG glycosylation differences were nominal. Nominal longitudinal differences were observed in PSQI, IgG1\u2010bisecting, IgG1\u2010sialylation, IgG3\/4\u2010monogalactosylation, and IgG3\/4\u2010agalactosylation. The full 20\u2010marker longitudinal PLS model was not significant, but in an exploratory reduced model selected from the same data, three IgG3\/4 galactosylation\u2010axis markers were associated with affective and functional change scores. This latent dimension correlated with changes in BAI (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.76), BDI (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.77), and FIQ (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.76). Exploratory clustering suggested three glycosylation\u2010change subgroups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IgG3\/4 glycosylation changes may track affective and functional symptom changes in FM, but these exploratory findings require validation in larger independent cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance Statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggested that IgG glycosylation profiles were associated with clinical trajectories in fibromyalgia and could be used to classify the patients into specific subgroups. The findings supported the potential role of immune dysregulation in FM pathophysiology and the value of glycosylation profiling for personalized medicine, in which IgG glycosylation could be considered as biomarkers supporting diagnosis, prognosis, and decision\u2010making in fibromyalgia management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.70364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T13:59:52Z","timestamp":1787407192000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>IgG<\/scp>\n                    Glycosylation Patterns May Identify Distinct Clinical Trajectories in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Longitudinal Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ling\u2010Cheng","family":"Kung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1636-6061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen Thanh","family":"Nhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy  Can Tho Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Ying","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3951-5197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I\u2010Lin","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7850-4140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiunn\u2010Horng","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Taipei Medical University Hospital  Taipei 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