{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:31:24Z","timestamp":1791822684917,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]],"date-time":"2015-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kinesiophobia is an excessive, irrational and debilitating fear of physical movement and activity resulting from a feeling of vulnerability to painful injury or re\u2010injury. The Tampa Scale for kinesiophobia (TSK) is a patient\u2010reported outcome (PRO) measure designed to help identify kinesiophobia. The original version of the TSK had 17 items. A 13\u2010item version was later found to have better psychometric properties and was used in the present study. Although the TSK\u201013 has been widely studied, one shortcoming is the lack of clinically meaningful score categories. The objective of the present study was to develop severity levels to help aid clinical interpretation of TSK\u201013 scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>After creating four proposed TSK\u201013 severity ranges, a sample of chronic musculoskeletal pain disorder (CMPD) patients (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0912) was grouped by TSK\u201013 scores into: Subclinical (score\u00a0=\u00a013\u201322, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0100; 11%), mild (23\u201332, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0271; 30%), moderate (33\u201342, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0385; 42%) and severe (43\u201352, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0156; 17%) levels of kinesiophobia. These severity groups were then validated by their associations with objective lifting performance (presumed to be highly related to one's level of kinesiophobia) and other\u00a0PRO questionnaires, assessing depressive symptoms, pain intensity, pain\u2010related anxiety and perceived disability, which all have been shown in previous research to be associated with TSK scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The TSK\u201013 severity level groups were significantly associated with all lifting performance and PRO variables (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001). As TSK\u201013 severity levels increased, lifting performance decreased, while pain intensity, depressive symptoms, pain\u2010related anxiety and perceived disability increased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>TSK\u201013 severity levels were strongly associated with objective lifting performance variables and psychosocial PRO measures, providing support for these severity levels as a guideline for healthcare providers and researchers in interpreting TSK\u201013 scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]],"date-time":"2015-10-30T14:33:16Z","timestamp":1446215596000},"page":"701-710","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Establishing clinically meaningful severity levels for the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK\u201013)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Neblett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PRIDE Research Foundation 5701 Maple Ave. #100 Dallas TX 75235"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.M.","family":"Hartzell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PRIDE Research Foundation 5701 Maple Ave. #100 Dallas TX 75235"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.G.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.M.","family":"Bradford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PRIDE Research Foundation 5701 Maple Ave. #100 Dallas TX 75235"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.J.","family":"Gatchel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology College of Science The University of Texas at Arlington 313 Life Science Building Arlington Texas 76019"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000142221.88111.0f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-78522013000100005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"Biodex medical system.http:\/\/www.biodex.com\/physical-medicine\/products. Updated 2014. Accessed April\/3 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970510036411"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215506cr934oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2012.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Adding psychological scales to your low back assessment","volume":"7","author":"Capra P.","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Kinesiphobia and chronic pain: Psychometric characteristics and factor analysis of the Tampa\u00a0Scale","volume":"15","author":"Clark M.E.","year":"1996","journal-title":"in Proceedings of the American Pain Society Annual Meeting"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31815b61f1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00229-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","article-title":"Kinesiophobia in relation to physical activity in chronic neck pain","author":"Demirb\u00fcken I.","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.02.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"Kinesiophobia negatively influences recovery of joint function following total knee arthroplasty","volume":"51","author":"Doury\u2010Panchout F.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"271","article-title":"The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire","volume":"66","author":"Fairbank J.C.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026666403039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31822363f4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-3801(02)00054-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200403000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00482-011-1027-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jeem.1996.0008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jeem.1995.1035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(86)90228-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198512000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Kinisiophobia: a new view of chronic pain behavior","volume":"3","author":"Kori S.H.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pain Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-9-42"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-014-9426-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-004-0591-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20130194"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514559707"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970510041253"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/494196"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"547","volume-title":"Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorders","author":"Mayer T.G.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","volume-title":"Functional Restoration for Spinal Disorders: The Sports Medicine Approach","author":"Mayer T.G.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Orthopedic Knowledge Update","author":"Mayer E.K.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198510000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198809000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198809000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199302000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199404000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199404000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199404000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199504150-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90113-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(96)00057-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller RP Kori SHandTodd DD(1991).The Tampa Scale.","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199103000-00053"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0000000000000095"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2013.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2011.641661"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31814da3eb"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Handbook of Pain Assessment","author":"Polatin P.B.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-007-9078-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2003.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOBM.0000019850.51400.a6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2494-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-280"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0080-62342012000700003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ajp.0000173019.72365.f5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198510000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/math.2002.0484"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(03)00255-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000203709.65384.9d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.02.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000190"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2013.768302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00242-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)00279-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00054-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.09.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2005.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.05.029"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fejp.795","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fejp.795","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ejp.795","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T14:40:29Z","timestamp":1695480029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ejp.795"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ejp.795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejp.795","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-3801","1532-2149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-3801","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2149","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]]}}}