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The mean daily dosage of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTOT<\/jats:styled-content> was 58 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content> 79; minimum 0.3, maximum 2010) mg morphine equivalent\/day. The percentage of insureds with high\u2010dose opioid prescriptions (\u2265100\u00a0mg morphine equivalent\/day) among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTOT<\/jats:styled-content> insureds was 15.5%. High\u2010dose <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTOT<\/jats:styled-content> (compared to traditional dose) prescription was associated with younger age, male gender, diagnoses of chronic pain disease, somatoform pain disorder, depression and prescription of anticonvulsants. The pooled 1\u2010year prevalence of abuse\/addiction of prescribed opioids (defined by hospital stays because of mental and behavioural disorders due to alcohol, opioids, tranquilizers, multiple substances and intoxications by narcotic agents) was 0.56%. Abuse\/addiction of prescribed opioids was associated with younger age, diagnoses of somatoform pain disorder, depression and prescription of tranquilizers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study found no signals of an \u2018opioid epidemic\u2019 in Germany. However, careful selection of patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNCP<\/jats:styled-content> considered for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTOT<\/jats:styled-content> and continuous evaluation during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTOT<\/jats:styled-content> are warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]],"date-time":"2015-10-23T13:20:56Z","timestamp":1445606456000},"page":"767-776","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Long\u2010term opioid therapy for chronic non\u2010cancer pain in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"U.","family":"Marschall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Strategy BARMER GEK Head Office Wuppertal Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"L'hoest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business 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