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Herein is presented a randomized controlled trial to test the effects of retraining the dot probe attentional bias at short versus long stimulus durations towards neutral stimuli, and away from threat stimuli, on acute pain experience, in comparison with a placebo control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010one pain\u2010free volunteers, blinded to condition, were randomized to complete either one of two neutral bias modification programs in which words were presented for 500\u00a0ms (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010500;<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>28) or 1250\u00a0ms (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101250;<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>26), or to a sham training program that included both stimulus durations (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Placebo;<jats:italic>n\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>27). Testing took place in a university laboratory. At post\u2010training, participants completed the pain\u2010inducing \u2018cold pressor task\u2019, and measures of pain severity, threshold and tolerance were taken. Attentional bias was also measured at pre\u2010 and post\u2010training.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings indicated that<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010500 reliably increased pain threshold and tolerance, in comparison with the control group. In contrast,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101250 did not affect any of the pain outcomes. Expected<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABM<\/jats:styled-content>effects on attentional bias were not evident at the group level, but nevertheless<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010500 bias reduction was significantly associated with increased pain tolerance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that retraining attention at short stimulus exposure durations is relatively more efficacious in promoting transfer of attentional retraining effects to real\u2010world acute pain stressors, in comparison with both the longer stimulus duration and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Placebo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Testing of the impact of modifying maintained attentional bias on vulnerability to an acute pain stressor.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Findings suggested that retraining rapid attentional bias using short exposure durations conferred greater analgesic benefit, in comparison with both the slower bias and sham\u2010training.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]],"date-time":"2016-06-29T11:17:26Z","timestamp":1467199046000},"page":"112-124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Attentional bias modification for acute experimental pain: A randomized controlled trial of retraining early versus later attention on pain severity, threshold and tolerance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"J.O.","family":"Bowler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of East Anglia Norwich Norfolk UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.J.","family":"Bartholomew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of East Anglia Norwich Norfolk 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