{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T02:22:05Z","timestamp":1773886925708,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]],"date-time":"2016-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008731","name":"Nakatomi Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study investigated stretch variables and mechanical factors of lengthening contractions (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>) in the processes leading to muscular mechanical hyperalgesia in rats to understand mechanisms underpinning delayed onset muscle soreness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOMS<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Under isoflurane anaesthesia, ankle extensor muscles were loaded with repetitive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content> with angular stretch velocities (50\u00b0, 100\u00b0, 200\u00b0 and 400\u00b0\/s) at a fixed range of motion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROM<\/jats:styled-content>) of 90\u00b0, and with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROM<\/jats:styled-content>s (30\u00b0, 60\u00b0, 90\u00b0 and 120\u00b0) at a fixed velocity of 200\u00b0\/s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mechanical hyperalgesia was observed in a velocity\u2010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010dependent manner. Under the fixed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROM<\/jats:styled-content>, integrated torque generated during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iT<\/jats:styled-content>q<jats:sub>[max]<\/jats:sub>) was inversely correlated with the velocity, but the rate of torque increase during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rT<\/jats:styled-content>q<jats:sub>[max]<\/jats:sub>) was positively and significantly correlated with the velocity, and the magnitude of hyperalgesia was correlated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rT<\/jats:styled-content>q<jats:sub>[max]<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001). When the velocity was fixed, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iT<\/jats:styled-content>q<jats:sub>[max]<\/jats:sub> was significantly correlated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROM<\/jats:styled-content>, and the magnitude of hyperalgesia was correlated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iT<\/jats:styled-content>q<jats:sub>[max]<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01). Necrotic myofibres were observed only sparsely (&lt;0.8%) after any of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content> protocols tested. Up\u2010regulation of nerve growth factor and glial cell line\u2010derived neurotrophic factor <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> in the muscle was positively correlated with the increases in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content> velocity and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROM<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05~0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both velocity and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROM<\/jats:styled-content> are pivotal variables determining the initiation of mechanical hyperalgesia. Neurotrophic factor\u2010mediated peripheral mechanisms, but apparently not inflammatory changes caused by myofibre damage, are responsible for the mechanical hyperalgesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mechanical hyperalgesia appears after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content> in a stretch velocity\u2010 and range of motion\u2010dependent manner. The rate of torque increase and integrated torque are the crucial factors. Neurotrophic factor\u2010mediated peripheral pain mechanisms without robust inflammatory changes caused by myofibre damage were required for this mechanical hyperalgesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]],"date-time":"2016-06-29T11:22:37Z","timestamp":1467199357000},"page":"125-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Muscular mechanical hyperalgesia after lengthening contractions in rats depends on stretch velocity and range of motion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience II Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Nagoya University Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Katanosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Life and Health Sciences Chubu University Kasugai Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Information Department Vitacain Pharmaceutical Co. 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Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Yamanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience II Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Nagoya University Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Nosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan University Joondalup WA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Mizumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy College of Life and Health Sciences Chubu University Kasugai Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Taguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience II Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Nagoya University Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198412000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318168c82d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.128827"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0021-8782.2001.00008.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2011.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2012.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B1.8954"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-46450-2_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-015-0397-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2013.00411.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.249235"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3803-09.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"S179","article-title":"COX\u20102, nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which play pivotal roles in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), are produced by exercised skeletal muscle","volume":"62","author":"Murase S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Physiol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200101000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065751"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199105000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.j.pain.0000460334.49525.5e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.079483"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00470.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-08-02716.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(83)90201-4"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fejp.909","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fejp.909","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ejp.909","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T21:24:33Z","timestamp":1696627473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ejp.909"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ejp.909"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejp.909","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-3801","1532-2149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-3801","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2149","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]]}}}