{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T21:30:54Z","timestamp":1787693454039,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,10]],"date-time":"2016-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Psychology"},{"name":"Anglia Ruskin University, UK"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic pain is a growing societal concern that warrants scientific investigation, especially given the ineffectiveness of many treatments. Given evidence that pain experience relies on multisensory integration, there is interest in using body ownership illusions for reducing acute pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the present study, we investigate whether patients\u2019 experience of chronic pain could be reduced by full body illusions (FBIs) that cause participants to dissociate from their own body.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants with chronic pain (including sciatica, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, muscular pain, IBS and back pain) viewed their own \u2018virtual\u2019 bodies via a video camera and head\u2010mounted display for two minutes. In the \u2018back\u2010stroking FBI\u2019, their backs were stroked with a stick while they viewed synchronous or asynchronous stroking on the virtual body and in the \u2018front\u2010stroking FBI\u2019, they were stroked near their collarbone while viewing the stick approach their field of view in a synchronous or asynchronous fashion. Illusion strength and pain intensity were measured with self\u2010report questionnaires.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that full body illusions were experienced by patients with chronic pain and further, that pain intensity was reduced by an average of 37% after illusion (synchronous) conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings add support to theories that high\u2010level multisensory body representations can interact with homeostatic regulation and pain perception.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pain intensity in chronic pain patients was reduced by 37% by \u2018out of body\u2019 illusions. These data demonstrate the potential of such illusions for the management of chronic pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,10]],"date-time":"2016-08-10T22:02:45Z","timestamp":1470866565000},"page":"334-342","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Putting pain out of mind with an \u2018out of body\u2019 illusion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Pamment","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.E.","family":"Aspell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge 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