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We synthesized guidelines on the management of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBP<\/jats:styled-content> published from 2005 to 2014 following best evidence synthesis principles. We searched <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> CINAHL<\/jats:styled-content>, Psyc<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INFO<\/jats:styled-content>, Cochrane, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DARE<\/jats:styled-content>, National Health Services Economic Evaluation Database, Health Technology Assessment Database, Index to Chiropractic Literature and grey literature. Independent reviewers critically appraised eligible guidelines using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGREE II<\/jats:styled-content> criteria. We screened 2504 citations; 13 guidelines were eligible for critical appraisal, and 10 had a low risk of bias. According to high\u2010quality guidelines: (1) all patients with acute or chronic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBP<\/jats:styled-content> should receive education, reassurance and instruction on self\u2010management options; (2) patients with acute <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBP<\/jats:styled-content> should be encouraged to return to activity and may benefit from paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>s), or spinal manipulation; (3) the management of chronic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBP<\/jats:styled-content> may include exercise, paracetamol or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>s, manual therapy, acupuncture, and multimodal rehabilitation (combined physical and psychological treatment); and (4) patients with lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy may benefit from spinal manipulation. Ten guidelines were of high methodological quality, but updating and some methodological improvements are needed. Overall, most guidelines target nonspecific <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBP<\/jats:styled-content> and recommend education, staying active\/exercise, manual therapy, and paracetamol or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>s as first\u2010line treatments. The recommendation to use paracetamol for acute <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBP<\/jats:styled-content> is challenged by recent evidence and needs to be revisited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most high\u2010quality guidelines recommend education, staying active\/exercise, manual therapy and paracetamol\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>s as first\u2010line treatments for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBP<\/jats:styled-content>. Recommendation of paracetamol for acute <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBP<\/jats:styled-content> is challenged by recent evidence and needs updating.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,13]],"date-time":"2016-10-13T01:19:22Z","timestamp":1476321562000},"page":"201-216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":327,"title":["Clinical practice guidelines for the noninvasive management of low back pain: A systematic review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"J.J.","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UOIT\u2010CMCC Centre for the Study of Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC) Oshawa ON Canada"},{"name":"Graduate Education and Research Programs Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College 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