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Here, we attempt to modulate the perception of a moderately painful acute laser stimulus by separately entraining three frequencies across the alpha band: 8, 10 and 12\u00a0Hz.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were exposed to either visual or auditory stimulation at three frequencies in the alpha\u2010band range and a control frequency. We collected verbal pain ratings of laser stimuli from participants following 10 minutes of flashing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LED<\/jats:styled-content> goggle stimulation and 10 minutes of binaural beat stimulation across the alpha range. Alterations in sleepiness, anxiety and negative mood were recorded following each auditory or visual alpha\u2010rhythm stimulation session.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant reduction in pain ratings was found after both the visual and the auditory stimulation across all three frequencies compared with the control condition. In the visual group, a significantly larger reduction was recorded following the 10\u2010Hz stimulation than succeeding the 8\u2010 and 12\u2010Hz conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests that a short presentation of auditory and visual stimuli, oscillating in the alpha range, have an analgesic effect on acute laser pain, with the largest effect following the 10\u2010Hz visual stimulation. Pain reductions following stimulation in the alpha range are independent of sleepiness, anxiety, and negative moods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides new behavioural evidence showing that visual and auditory entrainment of frequencies in the alpha\u2010wave range can influence the perception of acute pain in humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,3]],"date-time":"2016-11-03T00:02:57Z","timestamp":1478131377000},"page":"562-572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Alpha\u2010range visual and auditory stimulation reduces the perception of pain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Ecsy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Pain Research Group Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health University of Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.K.P.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Pain Research Group Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health University of Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459008994241"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000325481.61471.f0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2699-08.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5580-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.04.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0987-7053(01)00289-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J184v03n03_03"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J184v08n04_03"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034789"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12282"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050133"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e318246ad6e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210100682"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-013-9214-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00859.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-010-9135-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(97)00773-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(99)01311-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00056-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00771-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2006.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)62168-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0987-7053(01)00260-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(91)90044-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(77)90024-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Profile of Mood States. 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