{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:39:04Z","timestamp":1765827544842},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]],"date-time":"2016-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p>Complex regional pain syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRPS<\/jats:styled-content>) is a poorly understood pain disorder of the limbs. Maladaptive cortical plasticity has been shown to play a major role in its pathophysiological presentation. Recently, there is increasing interest in the role of the basal ganglia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BG<\/jats:styled-content>), since clinical findings and neuroimaging studies point to possible <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BG<\/jats:styled-content> involvement in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRPS<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRPS<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms are often characterized by movement disorders associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BG<\/jats:styled-content> dysfunction. Very frequently, dystonia and tremor are reported and, to a lesser extent, myoclonus. Neuroimaging studies present inconsistent findings concerning altered brain networks and mainly focus on cortical areas. Subcortical contribution to this disorder has so far been neglected. Clinical data presenting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BG<\/jats:styled-content> dysfunction\u2010related movement disorders in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRPS<\/jats:styled-content> patients raise the hypothesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BG<\/jats:styled-content> dysfunction in this syndrome. Moreover, several neuroimaging studies documented abnormalities in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BG<\/jats:styled-content> and in the frontal, parietal and limbic cortical areas. These regions are functionally and anatomically connected in motor, pain and working memory networks. Put together, these findings call for further characterization of the dynamic cortical and subcortical interactions in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRPS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper presents an overview of our current knowledge about BG pathology in CRPS. A better understanding of the involvement of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BG<\/jats:styled-content> in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRPS<\/jats:styled-content> pathology holds the potential for developing and improving efficacious, mechanism\u2010based treatment modalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]],"date-time":"2016-11-02T12:53:50Z","timestamp":1478091230000},"page":"415-424","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Basal ganglia dysfunction in complex regional pain syndrome \u2013 A valid hypothesis?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Azqueta\u2010Gavaldon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Pain Unit Medical Centre of University of Munich Germany"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medical Centre of University of Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Schulte\u2010G\u00f6cking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Pain Unit Medical Centre of University of Munich Germany"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medical Centre of University of Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Storz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medical Centre of University of Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Azad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Pain Unit Medical Centre of University of Munich Germany"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Medical Centre of University of Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Reiners","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation City Hospital Bogenhausen Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Borsook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Pain and the Brain Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Becerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Pain and the Brain Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Kraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Pain Unit Medical Centre of University of Munich Germany"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medical Centre of University of Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03181.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)02122-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.7.1195"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.4.859"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.03.081"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2000.101004262x.\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"830","article-title":"Distribution of signs and symptoms of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type I in patients meeting the diagnostic criteria of the International Association for the Study of Pain","volume":"15","author":"Boer R.D.H.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-6-27"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181e3db38"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00270.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)00172-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)01427-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1991.00530240051018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1995.hed3504200.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08990220902738243"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3181cb4055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1996.tb07049.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(99)00076-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(00)00183-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2004.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050235"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00916.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002742"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00557-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","volume-title":"Parkinson\u2032s Disease and Movement Disorders.","author":"Jankovic J.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2636-14.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00119-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(00)00170-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2014.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(99)00009-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21830"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn123"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00120.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-007-0079-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0117-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70106-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6412.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2010.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000130156.05828.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060293"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21910"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04942.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(02)00675-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085372"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2000.19640577.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22159"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt.13.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-011-0601-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome: A systemic review of the literature, the past, present and future management","volume":"3","author":"Salibi A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pain Relief"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-6-35"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2007.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00910.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000250242.99683.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2008.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.723"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92877-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(200002)23:2<198::AID-MUS9>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","first-page":"302","volume-title":"Translational Pain Research: From Mouse to Man","author":"Walton K.D.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318250f4e8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05623.x"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fejp.975","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fejp.975","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ejp.975","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T20:20:49Z","timestamp":1696623649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ejp.975"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ejp.975"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejp.975","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-3801","1532-2149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-3801","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2149","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]]}}}