{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:11:07Z","timestamp":1790403067222,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,15]],"date-time":"2016-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP\u2010PG\u20100608\u201010076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP\u2010PG\u20100608\u201010076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001320","name":"Wolfson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individual patient data (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPD<\/jats:styled-content>) meta\u2010analysis of existing randomized controlled trials (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>s) is a promising approach to achieving sufficient statistical power to identify sub\u2010groups. We created a repository of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPD<\/jats:styled-content> from multiple low back pain (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBP<\/jats:styled-content>) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>s to facilitate a study of treatment moderators. Due to sparse heterogeneous data, the repository needed to be robust and flexible to accommodate millions of data points prior to any subsequent analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We systematically identified <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>s of therapist delivered intervention for inclusion to the repository. Some were obtained through project publicity. We requested both individual items and aggregate scores of all baseline characteristics and outcomes for all available time points. The repository is made up of a hybrid database: entity\u2010attribute\u2010value and relational database which is capable of storing sparse heterogeneous datasets. We developed a bespoke software program to extract, transform and upload the shared data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 20 datasets with more than 3 million data points from 9328 participants. All trials collected covariates and outcomes data at baseline and follow\u2010ups. The bespoke standardized repository is flexible to accommodate millions of data points without compromising data integrity. Data are easily retrieved for analysis using standard statistical programs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The bespoke hybrid repository is complex to implement and to query but its flexibility in supporting datasets with varying sets of responses and outcomes with different data types is a worthy trade off. The large standardized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBP<\/jats:styled-content> dataset is also an important resource useable by other <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBP<\/jats:styled-content> researchers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>A flexible adaptive database for pain studies that can easily be expanded for future researchers to map, transform and upload their data in a safe and secure environment. The data are standardized and harmonized which will facilitate future requests from other researchers for secondary analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,17]],"date-time":"2016-12-17T10:11:31Z","timestamp":1481969491000},"page":"815-826","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Development of a repository of individual participant data from randomized controlled trials of therapists delivered interventions for low back pain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"S.W.","family":"Hee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Sciences Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Dritsaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Willis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Sciences Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Underwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Sciences Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Sciences Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Cognitive Therapy of Depression","author":"Beck A.T.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-5056(02)00047-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-7-200710020-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2005.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(90)90421-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"271","article-title":"The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire","volume":"66","author":"Fairbank J.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(93)90044-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"XXXV","article-title":"[The Pain Perception Scale\u2013a differentiated and change\u2010sensitive scale for assessing chronic and acute pain]","volume":"34","author":"Geissner E.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Die Rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60692-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2015.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466505X29657"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204428"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"I","article-title":"Hannover Functional Questionnaire in ambulatory diagnosis of functional disability caused by backache","volume":"35","author":"Kohlmann T.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Die Rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90154-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199809000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(83)90040-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199201000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2002\/517163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(87)91074-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.1999.0060478"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-7-34"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel S. 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