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Twenty\u2010two well\u2010trained male athletes or triathletes (23.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.5\u2010years) were recruited in this controlled crossover protocol. Each participant completed the three experimental sessions, each composed of a running training session and one night of sleep analysis. Depending on the experimental condition, subjects were exposed\u2014or not (CONT)\u2014to WBC immediately after training (CRYO 7 p.m.) or 1h before going to bed (CRYO 10 p.m.). All participants were randomly assigned to each condition, spaced seven days apart. Sleep was monitored via actimetry, cerebral activity recordings, heart rate variability, body core temperature, and perceptual measurements. WBC after training did not modify subjective or objective sleep parameters compared to the control condition. However, WBC significantly improved cardiac parasympathetic activity. More specifically, it was more activated during the night following the CRYO 10 p.m. condition than in the other experimental conditions. Core body temperature (CBT) 1h after bedtime was the lowest in the CRYO 10 p.m. condition. This study confirmed the effectiveness of WBC as a recovery technique after intense evening training. We suggest that WBC may exhibit the most significant benefit on recovery if the session is performed 1h before bedtime, acting on subsequent parasympathetic activation and CBT drop.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsc.12200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T11:29:03Z","timestamp":1731497343000},"page":"1788-1797","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The effectiveness of cryostimulation exposure on sleep and recovery in male athletes: Timing considerations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Coralie","family":"Arc\u2010Chagnaud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire MOVE \u2013 UR 20296 Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers  Poitiers France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2660-8244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benoit","family":"Dugu\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire MOVE \u2013 UR 20296 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