{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:34:23Z","timestamp":1791999263658,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST108\u20102410\u2010H\u2010037\u2010014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST108\u20102410\u2010H\u2010037\u2010014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Exergame has become widely popular and offers great levels of cognitive demands, thus may facilitate cognitive benefits. In addition, researchers have proposed that cardiac autonomic function, assessed via heart rate variability (HRV), is associated with cognitive executive function. However, few exergame training studies have investigated this relationship. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 10\u2010week exergame training on executive function and HRV in middle\u2010aged and older adults. Ninety\u2010one participants were randomly assigned to either an exergame training group (63.73\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.48\u00a0years) or a control group (62.46\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.77\u00a0years). The training program was 50\u00a0min per session, twice per week for 10\u00a0weeks. The control group was instructed to maintain their usual lifestyle. All participants completed questionnaires and received assessments of executive functions and electrocardiography at baseline and postintervention. Results revealed significant group\u2010by\u2010time interaction effects for the three indices of the digit span test and the total initiation time of the Tower of London task with better postintervention performances achieved by the exergame group. The 6 min walk test also improved significantly in the exergame group but not in the control group. No significant change in HRV was observed for both groups. There were significant correlations between HRV and digit span test scores. Our results suggest that the 10\u2010week exergame training program was effective in improving executive functions of working memory, inhibitory control, and planning ability as well as aerobic fitness in middle\u2010aged and older adults. Moreover, HRV was associated with improved executive function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsc.12249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T02:34:47Z","timestamp":1737081287000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of Exergame Training on Executive Function and Heart Rate Variability in Middle\u2010Aged and Older Adults: A\u00a0Randomized Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0729-6997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tzu\u2010Cheng","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei\u2010Tzu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctor of Physical Therapy Southen California University of Health Sciences  Whittier California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Lan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Kai","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences National Taiwan Normal University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science National Taiwan Normal University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Che\u2010Hsien","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8977-1298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I\u2010Hua","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00321"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010010\u20101393\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9376134"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617715001083"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.24.5.586.1006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2010.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026648"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/2151\u20102604\/a000137"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.20.4.497"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2015.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010015\u20104196\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","volume-title":"Tower of London\u2010Drexel University","author":"Culbertson W. 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