{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T18:33:06Z","timestamp":1778697186722,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female distance runners are at a high risk for chronic energy deficiency (ED). ED during predominantly high\u2010volume and\/or high\u2010intensity training phases may compromise performance. The relationship between pre\u2010season energy status and running performance in female runners across a season is unclear. To test if energy status as defined by resting metabolic rate ratio (RMR<jats:sub>ratio<\/jats:sub>) is associated with running performance, female collegiate distance runners (18\u201325\u00a0yr; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a038) were assessed across 10\u201312\u00a0wks. Energy status, body composition, and 5\u00a0km time trial (measure of performance) were assessed pre\u2010 and post\u2010competitive season. Runners were categorized at baseline based on pre\u2010season measured\u2010to\u2010Cunningham<jats:sub>1991<\/jats:sub>\u2010predicted RMR<jats:sub>ratio<\/jats:sub>: metabolically suppressed (SUP: RMR<jats:sub>ratio<\/jats:sub> &lt;\u00a00.92, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012) and energy replete (NSUP: RMR<jats:sub>ratio<\/jats:sub> \u2265\u00a00.92, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a026). Repeated measures ANOVA tested effects of pre\u2010season RMR<jats:sub>ratio<\/jats:sub> groups, time, and group*time on performance. Linear regression analysis tested whether factors (body composition or total triiodothyronine, TT<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) predicted performance across the season. Twenty\u2010one runners (19.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2\u00a0yr, 20.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) completed pre\u2010 and post\u2010season performance runs. Groups had similar body mass, body mass index, percent body fat, and lean body mass. ANOVA revealed a significant group effect of RMR<jats:sub>ratio<\/jats:sub> on running performance, but no effect of time or group*time. SUP had slower 5\u00a0km time trial performance compared to NSUP (22.4 vs. 20.4\u00a0min, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04). Controlling for post\u2010season VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>max, pre\u2010season TT<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> predicted post\u2010season 5\u00a0km times (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.614, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001). Pre\u2010season energy deficient female runners exhibited poorer running performance during a collegiate competitive season compared to pre\u2010season energy replete runners. Early detection of metabolic compensation in runners may be necessary for optimal performance across a competitive season.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsc.12261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T01:21:26Z","timestamp":1738804886000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pre\u2010Season Energy Deficiency Predicts Poorer Performance During a Competitive Season in Collegiate Female Long\u2010Distance Runners"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3734-5961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily Ann","family":"Lundstrom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Health and Exercise Laboratory Department of Kinesiology The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy I.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Health and Exercise Laboratory Department of Kinesiology The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather C. 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