{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:54:25Z","timestamp":1787068465488,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Caffeine and taurine are commonly co\u2010ingested pre\u2010exercise but elicit different thermoregulatory responses; however, their combined effect on thermoregulation is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of oral caffeine and taurine co\u2010ingestion on time to exhaustion (TTE) and thermoregulatory responses to cycling in the heat at the gas exchange threshold (GET). Ten healthy nonheat acclimated participants took part in a double\u2010blind crossover study, completing a TTE in the heat (35\u00b0C; 40% relative humidity), cycling at a power output associated with the GET and 1\u00a0h after ingesting: caffeine (5\u00a0mg\/kg) and taurine (50\u00a0mg\/kg) combined or placebo. Pulmonary gas exchange, core and mean skin temperatures and whole\u2010body sweat rate (WBSR) were recorded throughout. Heat production was determined using partitional calorimetry. There were no differences in TTE between conditions (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.608); however, the rate of oxygen consumption (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.017), minute ventilation (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.029) and heat production (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.019) were higher following the supplement. There were no differences between conditions for skin (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.539) and core temperature (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.699), mean skin blood flow (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.119), respiratory exchange ratio (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.546) and WBSR (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.897). Pre\u2010exercise co\u2010ingestion of caffeine and taurine in the heat had no ergogenic effect despite increasing the ventilatory and metabolic demand. Collectively, these data indicate minimal effects on whole\u2010body thermoregulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsc.70044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T16:54:27Z","timestamp":1758041667000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Acute Effects of Caffeine and Taurine Co\u2010Ingestion on Time to Exhaustion and Thermoregulatory Responses to Cycling in the Heat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4760-4342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Aggett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swansea University  Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swansea University  Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Peel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swansea University  Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise University of Canberra  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Matta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swansea University  Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Tallent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Essex  Colchester UK"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Science School of Primary and Allied Health Care Monash University  Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane","family":"Heffernan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swansea University  Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen","family":"Jeffries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Waldron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swansea University  Swansea UK"},{"name":"Welsh Institute of Performance Science Swansea University  Swansea UK"},{"name":"University of the Sunshine Coast  Sippy Downs Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.5.1818"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-663-05268-5_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726\u2010011\u20100900\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.6.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Industrial Health Research Board","author":"Bedford T.","year":"1936"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00613933"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768\u2010198205000\u201000012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010022\u201005106\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0b013e3181a026c2"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"333","article-title":"Validity of Devices That Assess Body Temperature During Outdoor Exercise in the Heat","volume":"42","author":"Casa D. 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