{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T22:17:32Z","timestamp":1787091452905,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the effects of high\u2010intensity interval training (HIIT) with different work\u2010to\u2010rest ratios during the same training duration on the specific physical fitness of Chinese adolescent taekwondo athletes (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a030, 16\u201320\u00a0years, 18 males and 12 females, and provincial champion\/runner\u2010up or national top 6). Athletes were randomly allocated to HIIT\u201020S (20\u00a0s work: 10\u00a0s rest), HIIT\u201030S (30\u00a0s work: 10\u00a0s rest), and a control group (2\u00a0min actual combat competitive: 1\u00a0min rest). An 8\u2010week intervention (24 sessions, 30\u00a0min\/session). Specific physical fitness was assessed using the progressive specific taekwondo test, frequency speed of kick test, 10\u2010s high roundhouse kick test, 60\u2010s double chop kick test, heart rate recovery (HRR), 1 repetition maximum (1\u2010RM) squat test, and improved Illinois agility test. Statistical significance was defined as\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05. Compared with the HIIT\u201020S (1.96%) and control (0.47%) groups, the HIIT\u201030S group demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in VO2peak (4.72%). In the FSKT10S test, the HIIT\u201020S group performed better than the HIIT\u201030S group (2.24% vs. 1.34%), whereas the HIIT\u201030S group showed higher gains in FSKTtotal (5.09% vs. 2%) and a steeper decline in KDI (\u221221.7% vs. \u221212.1%). Similarly, the HIIT\u201020S group outperformed the HIIT\u201030S group in the 10S\u2010HRK test (3.62% vs. 0.91%), whereas the HIIT\u201030S group outperformed the 60S\u2010DCK test (3.45% vs. 1.91%). Improvements in agility favored the HIIT\u201020S group (\u22128.26% vs. HIIT\u201030S: \u22124.01%; control: \u22120.85%). Both HIIT groups showed enhanced heart rate recovery (HIIT\u201030S, 2.74% and HIIT\u201020S, 2.57%), although no significant differences were observed in lower limb maximal strength. These findings confirm the specificity of the work\u2010to\u2010rest ratio: HIIT\u201030S effectively enhances cardiorespiratory endurance and repeated kicking endurance, whereas HIIT\u201020S appears to be more beneficial for optimizing explosive strength, agility, kick speed, and frequency.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsc.70050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T03:46:37Z","timestamp":1757735197000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of High\u2010Intensity Interval Training With Varying Work\u2010to\u2010Rest Ratios on Specific Physical Fitness in Adolescent Taekwondo Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6958-5568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education Guangzhou Huali College  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadong","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education Yan 'an University  Yan 'an City Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of Sport  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2024.100798"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18137201"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01220.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010011\u20102071\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0b013e318231a66d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0000000000002325"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978\u20100\u201012\u2010179060\u20108.50006\u20102"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Predictors of Fitness Status on Success in Taekwondo","volume":"37","author":"Cular D.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Collegium Antropologicum"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11332\u2010016\u20100300\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0000000000002552"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2019\u20100031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5604\/20831862.1077553"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.10.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2024.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14036\/j.cnki.cn11\u20104513.2017.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26582\/k.51.2.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0000000000002957"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90880.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798\u2010020\u201000260\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186779"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256\u2010198805050\u201000002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"114","article-title":"A Profile of Olympic Taekwondo Competitors","volume":"5","author":"Kazemi M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010017\u20100779\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91481.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91208.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e16663"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16784\/j.cnki.csc.2019.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000320618"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010020\u201001307\u20107"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","first-page":"497","article-title":"Functional Vs. 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