{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:42:17Z","timestamp":1786977737937,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Advanced footwear technologies (AFT) improve road running performance. AFT have been incorporated into trail running footwear despite little evidence of their benefits in this context. In this study, we compared the effect of traditional (TRADI\u2010f) and AFT foam (AFT\u2010f) on running economy and perceptual measures across different gradients. Fourteen well\u2010trained athletes completed assessments on a treadmill at gradients of FLAT (0% gradient, 14\u00a0km.h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), UP (+10%, 8\u00a0km.h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and DOWN (\u221210%, 14\u00a0km.h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Two shoes were randomly allocated in a counterbalanced order. The shoes were matched in construction but differed in midsole foam performance, where the AFT\u2010f shoe included a more compliant and resilient foam than the TRADI\u2010f shoe. Oxygen consumption and heart rate were collected for 6 min, twice with each shoe at each gradient, alongside perceived effort and affective measures. Across the three gradients, oxygen consumption was 1.2% lower (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.008) when participants were wearing the AFT foam compared to the TRADI foam. The effect of the AFT\u2010f shoes on oxygen consumption appeared to be more pronounced in the FLAT (+2.1%) and UP (+1.0%) conditions compared to DOWN (+0.2%). This interaction effect was, however, not statistically significant (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.050). RPE was lower (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.008) and affective valence more positive (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.027) in AFT\u2010f compared to TRADI\u2010f. No differences in arousal were reported between TRADI\u2010f and AFT\u2010f (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.728). The findings of this study suggest that an AFT foam in trail running shoes can improve running economy, reduce perceived effort and increase pleasure while running in a trained athlete population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsc.70059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T13:49:35Z","timestamp":1758980975000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Influence of Trail Running Footwear Foam on Running Economy and Perceptual Metrics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9592-1287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e9lissa","family":"Muzeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCRISE University of Canberra  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Flood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCRISE University of Canberra  Canberra Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Psychology University of Canberra  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"On AG  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Abel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"On AG  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philo","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletics Australia  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Staiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport University of Valencia  Valencia Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Biological and Cognitive Psychology University of Southern Denmark  Odense 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