{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T18:14:34Z","timestamp":1778004874156,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001317","name":"Swansea University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001317","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Nine ultra\u2010endurance athletes completed a randomised, crossover trial involving two 28\u2010day dietary arms during which the athletes consumed a carbohydrate\u2010rich diet (carbohydrate 58\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03, protein 15\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02 and fat 26\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02%) containing low\u2010 or high\u2010glycaemic\u2010index (LGI or HGI, respectively) carbohydrates. At the start and end of each dietary arm, participants performed a fasted 3\u2010h submaximal run outdoors before ingesting either a low (GI\u00a0=\u00a032, isomaltulose [Palatinose]) or high (GI\u00a0=\u00a0100, maltodextrin) glycaemic index drink (0.75\u00a0g\/kg bm\/h over 3.5\u00a0h). Participants then completed a treadmill run to exhaustion at 74\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01% vO\n                    <jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    , with pulmonary gas exchange measured over the first hour. Interstitial glucose [iG] was measured via continuous glucose monitoring (Supersapiens, Atlanta, USA). Data were analysed ANOVA and post hoc\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010tests with Bonferroni adjustment as appropriate, with\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05 accepted as significant. Mean 24\u2010h [iG] was similar between diets (LGI:102\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05 vs. HGI:100\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05\u00a0mg\/dL). [iG] variability measures, including standard deviation (LGI:17\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01 vs. HGI:18\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02\u00a0mg\/dL,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.016) and coefficient of variation (LGI:16\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01% vs. HGI:18\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.0003), were lower in the LGI diet, with a reduced percentage of time spent below the recommended range (LGI 2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01% vs. HGI 4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.006. Level 1 [55\u201369\u00a0mg\/dL] LGI 1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01% vs. HGI 3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.005). Carbohydrate oxidation during the first hour of the run test was reduced in the LGI diet arm (\u0394LGI \u22120.14\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.32 vs. \u0394HGI 0.06\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.28\u00a0g\u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.016) but endurance capacity was similar across diets. Adopting a 28\u2010day LGI carbohydrate\u2010rich diet and incorporating isomaltulose improved glycaemic variability and reduced time spent below the target glycaemic range with evidence of similar endurance performance capability when compared to a HGI carbohydrate\u2010rich diet.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsc.70092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T02:29:17Z","timestamp":1764124157000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Glycaemic Impact of Low\u2010 and High\u2010Glycaemic Index Carbohydrate Diets in Ultra\u2010Endurance Athletes: Insights From Continuous Glucose Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7970-8981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ross A.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Sport, Technology Faculty of Science and Engineering Exercise and Medicine Research Centre Swansea University  Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruiyang","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Sport, Technology Faculty of Science and Engineering Exercise and Medicine Research Centre Swansea University  Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Nicholas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Sport, Technology Faculty of Science and Engineering Exercise and Medicine Research Centre Swansea University  Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Churm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Sport, Technology Faculty of Science and Engineering Exercise and Medicine Research Centre Swansea University  Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivia M.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Sport, Technology Faculty of Science and Engineering Exercise and Medicine Research Centre Swansea University  Swansea UK"},{"name":"Copenhagen University Hospital Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen  Herlev Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Bracken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Sport, Technology Faculty of Science and Engineering Exercise and Medicine Research Centre Swansea University  Swansea UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Science and Engineering Health Technology and Solutions Interdisciplinary Research Institute Swansea University  Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681100500622"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume I \u2010 Sport 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