{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:49:11Z","timestamp":1774572551013,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia, whereas obesity is a major risk factor which increases morbidity and mortality. Treatments that alter white adipose tissue to express a metabolically active brown adipose phenotype in rats may offer adjunct treatment in people with T2DM. To investigate whether inorganic nitrate supplementation from beetroot juice (BJ) alters brown adipose tissue (BAT) fat fraction and activation in humans. Thirteen older adults with T2DM (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c]: 58\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013\u00a0mmol\u00b7mol\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and body mass index: 29.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.1\u00a0kg\u00b7m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) completed a double\u2010blind, randomised, balanced and placebo\u2010controlled crossover study. Outcome measures (including BAT fat fraction; activation; plasma [nitrate] and [nitrite]) were assessed before and after 14\u2010day of 140\u00a0mL\u00b7day\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    BJ containing inorganic nitrate (\u223c12.4\u00a0mmol\u00b7L\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) or a placebo (\u223c0.1\u00a0mmol\u00b7L\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and infrared thermography (IRT) were performed to image supraclavicular BAT following a rested cooling protocol, consisting of 60\u2010min exposure via a cold water (8.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.2\u00b0C) perfused jacket. Respiratory parameters, including respiratory exchange ratio [RER] and mean skin temperature, were measured during the cooling protocol to confirm participants were not shivering. BJ significantly increased venous plasma [nitrate] and [nitrite] versus placebo (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) but did not affect BAT fat fraction (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.650) or activation (\n                    <jats:italic>p\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a00.152). Cooling significantly reduced mean skin temperature in BJ (\u22120.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7\u00b0C) and placebo (\u22120.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.6\u00b0C) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and RER remained representative of nonshivering thermogenesis throughout (0.88\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.05 a.u.). 14\u2010day of nitrate supplementation did not increase BAT fat fraction or activation in older adults with T2DM.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsc.70117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T01:24:31Z","timestamp":1771637071000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effects of Nitrate on Brown Fat Fraction and Activation in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised, Double\u2010Blind and Placebo\u2010Controlled Crossover Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Neal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation and Sport Sciences Bournemouth University  Poole UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6552-6471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo","family":"Corbett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Extreme Environments Laboratory School of Psychology Sport &amp; Health Sciences Faculty of Science and Health University of Portsmouth  Portsmouth UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph T.","family":"Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Extreme Environments Laboratory School of Psychology Sport &amp; Health Sciences Faculty of Science and Health University of Portsmouth  Portsmouth UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoe L.","family":"Saynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences Southampton University  Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clare M.","family":"Eglin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Extreme Environments Laboratory School of Psychology Sport &amp; Health Sciences Faculty of Science and Health University of Portsmouth  Portsmouth UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Perissiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Health and Rehabilitation Team, School of Psychology, Sport &amp; Health Sciences Faculty of Science and Health University of Portsmouth  Portsmouth UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Endocrinology Department Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust  Portsmouth UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3388-0975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hermione","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Tom Rudd Unit Moorgreen Hospital Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust  Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University  Loughborough UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Sendhil","family":"Velan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Magnetic Resonance Centre Institute of Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst  Amherst Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Institute for Human Development and Potential, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR)  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5938-1694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suresh Anand","family":"Sadananthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Development and Potential, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR)  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Totman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fatima College of Health Sciences  Abu Dhabi UAE"},{"name":"Department of Medical Science &amp; Public Health Faculty of Health &amp; Social Sciences Institute of Medical Imaging 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