{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:49:25Z","timestamp":1774572565925,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine how middle\u2010distance athletes maintain self\u2010paced time trial performance on successive days, 12 national\u2010standard middle\u2010distance specialists performed two self\u2010paced 1500\u00a0m time trials on successive days. Following baseline assessment and familiarisation trials, participants (10 male, 2 female, mean age\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD: 27\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07\u00a0years, mass: 66\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08\u00a0kg, height: 1.80\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.08\u00a0m, season best 1500\u00a0m time: 243.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018.4\u00a0s) performed two 1500\u00a0m time trials separated by 24\u00a0h on an instrumented treadmill. Internal (respiratory exchange ratio; RER, oxygen uptake, blood lactate concentration, heart rate, session and differential ratings of perceived exertion) and external (speed and time) measures quantified exercise intensity. Step length and frequency were collected from integrated force transducers (1000\u00a0Hz). All variables were log transformed before analysis with mixed linear models. The uncertainty (90% confidence interval) of our between\u2010trial differences (trial 2 vs. trial 1) for all measures other than peak and mean RER were equivalent to previously reported measurement errors. Additionally, athletes were \u223c2.5 times more likely to perceive greater exertion for time trial two, but with considerable uncertainty around the estimates. National\u2010standard middle\u2010distance specialists maintain 1500\u00a0m time trial running performance on successive days without the use of any structured recovery interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsc.70142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T03:34:04Z","timestamp":1770780844000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["National\u2010Standard Middle\u2010Distance Runners Maintain 1500\u00a0m Time Trial Running Performance on Successive Days"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1155-5856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence P.","family":"Birdsey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport  Manchester UK"},{"name":"UK Sports Institute  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0112-3251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2715-0116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Dos\u2019Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7849-4966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8251-2805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Runacres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9531-3004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Weston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Institute for Sport Physical Education and Health Science Moray House School of Education and Sport University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2600-6182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15191.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Barto\u0144 K.2023. \u201cMumin: Multi\u2010Model Inference.\u201dhttps:\/\/cran.r\u2010project.org\/package=MuMIn."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010020\u201004543\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2019.1625613"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768\u2010200505001\u201000430"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2016\u20100162"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2024.2330819"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470023724.ch1c(i)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2021.1880645"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001481"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00403"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010011\u20102251\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1754337120977409"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003045281-27"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018\u20100742"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jsc.0000395764.28202.cd"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000113664.15777.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31815a83dc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20102004\u2010830512"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640419608727717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768\u2010199808000\u201000020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","volume-title":"A Rainclouds Geom for \u201cGgplot2\u201d. R Package Version 0.04","author":"Judd N.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010018\u20100937\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2017\u20100637"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2515245918770963"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31806010f5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200011000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03139"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021\u20100451"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2016.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/H06\u2010023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00122.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00600.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-39088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03167"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Table of Nonprotein Respiratory Quotient: An Update","volume":"16","author":"Peronnet F.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01063.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2015.00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm\u20102013\u20100055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768\u2010200101000\u201000024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100034\u20101398680"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100838.2006.00589.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2012.701759"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00355"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010019\u201001237\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21706-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2014.09.001"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ejsc.70142","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ejsc.70142","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ejsc.70142","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T23:49:54Z","timestamp":1774568994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ejsc.70142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ejsc.70142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsc.70142","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-1391","1536-7290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-1391","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-7290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"article-number":"e70142"}}