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The aim of this systematic review was to assess the evidence on metabolites associated with PA and\/or sedentary time among children and adolescents in different weight groups, integrating both intervention and observational studies to provide a comprehensive and broad synthesis of existing evidence. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were systematically searched for studies published from inception to December 2023 conducted in children and adolescents aged \u2264 18\u00a0years including metabolomics analyses focusing on PA, sedentary time, or cardiorespiratory fitness. Fifteen studies were included, and half of the studies were conducted in overweight individuals. Notable PA\u2010induced or PA\u2010associated alterations were seen in lipid, branched\u2010chain amino acid and ammonia metabolism, and the citric acid and glucose\u2010alanine cycles. The directions of the alterations seemed consistent across children and adolescents with normal body weight and overweight, but not in trained peers. Several metabolites and metabolite groups were identified as markers of higher PA and better cardiorespiratory fitness, reflecting favorable metabolic states in children and adolescents. However, there is still a great need for more in\u2010depth metabolomics studies using state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art techniques in the fields of pediatric exercise science and public health. Training status, exercise modalities, and pubertal development are important covariates to consider in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsc.70206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T02:40:10Z","timestamp":1782009610000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physical Activity and Metabolic Alterations in Children and Adolescents Across Different Weight Groups: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6933-8809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marja H.","family":"Lepp\u00e4nen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine School of Medicine University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka E.","family":"Hintikka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Wijnant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics (LIMET), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"},{"name":"Nutrition Unit Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5096-851X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eero A.","family":"Haapala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine School of Medicine University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"},{"name":"Active Life Lab, Preventive Health Research Unit South\u2010Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences  Mikkeli Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo A.","family":"Lakka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine School of Medicine University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine Kuopio University Hospital University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Vanhaecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics (LIMET), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"},{"name":"Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast  Northern Ireland UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7486-3437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heli","family":"Viljakainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Aromataris E.2022. \u201cMZe. 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