{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:38:04Z","timestamp":1792654684510,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The physiological strain index (PhSI) is widely used to quantify thermoregulatory and cardiovascular strain during heat stress. However, direct physiological measurements may not always be feasible in occupational or athletic settings. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship and agreement between perceptual strain and integrated physiological strain indices during high heat stress. Ten healthy, physically active, non\u2010heat\u2010acclimated males (29 (7) yr; 1.79 (0.11) m; 77.4 (9.3) kg) completed two randomized crossover exercise trials in hot\u2010dry (HD) and warm\u2010humid (WH) environments with equivalent wet\u2010bulb globe temperatures. Heart rate, rectal temperature, skin temperature, rating of perceived exertion, and thermal sensation were measured at baseline and every 15\u00a0minutes during 60\u00a0minutes of cycling. Physiological strain index (PhSI), adaptive physiological strain index (aPhSI), and perceptual strain index (PeSI) were calculated using validated equations. Repeated\u2010measures correlation analyses demonstrated very strong associations between PeSI and both PhSI and aPhSI under HD (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>rm<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.940\u20130.943) and WH (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>rm<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.980\u20130.982; all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Receiver operating characteristic analyses demonstrated good\u2010to\u2010excellent discrimination of physiological strain by PeSI (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.895\u20130.969). Mixed\u2010effects analyses showed that higher PeSI values were associated with increased PhSI (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a01.325,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and aPhSI (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a01.459,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). However, Bland\u2010Altman analyses demonstrated relatively small mean biases (0.4\u20130.9 AU) but wide limits of agreement (\u22122.8 to 4.2 AU), indicating that PeSI and physiological strain indices are not interchangeable. These findings suggest that PeSI may serve as a practical adjunctive or screening indicator of physiological strain when direct physiological measurements are unavailable.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsc.70226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:44:25Z","timestamp":1789011865000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Potential Links Between Physiological and Perceptual Strain in High Heat Stress"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3064-8460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiujing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas  Fayetteville Arkansas USA"},{"name":"College of Education and Health Professions University of Arkansas  Fayetteville Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7238-8145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendon P.","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas  Fayetteville Arkansas USA"},{"name":"College of Education and Health Professions University of Arkansas  Fayetteville Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5279-8163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen\u2010Juo","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education and Health Professions University of Arkansas  Fayetteville Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001401398187071"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2007.10719661"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/1650197719702239298"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","volume-title":"Psychological Aspects of Physical Activities","author":"Borg G.","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011089"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106579\/acf991"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2018.09.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062\u20106050\u201050\u20109\u201007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420\u2010015\u20101073\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100838.2010.01209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484\u2010021\u201002105\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010009\u20100983\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013\u20109351(67)90002\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010011\u20102173\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010008\u20100940\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm\u20102025\u20100360"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013\u20109351(80)90146\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/214009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046\u20107648\u20103\u201014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00582.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001\u20102998(78)80014\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montain S. 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