{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:55:38Z","timestamp":1791190538896,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001747","name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study investigated running biomechanics across varying slopes during a mass\u2010participation road marathon. Although laboratory studies suggest specific gait modifications occur in response to varying slopes, data from outdoor competitive environments remain scarce. We monitored 39 distance runners using shoe\u2010mounted inertial measurement units to capture spatiotemporal, footstrike, and wearable\u2010derived loading data across level, uphill (+3%), and downhill (\u22123%) segments of the 2025 Hong Kong Marathon. Results demonstrated slope\u2010dependent modifications, with uphill running characterized by slower velocity (\u22120.29\u00a0m\/s, Cohen's\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u22121.98), shorter stride length (\u22120.15\u00a0m,\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u22121.55), and lower cadence (\u22125.00 steps\/min,\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u22121.21) compared with level ground (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Kinematically, participants adopted a more anterior footstrike pattern uphill (\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a01.48) and a more posterior footstrike pattern downhill (\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.62) relative to level running (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Analysis of wearable\u2010derived loading metrics showed no differences across slope conditions once running velocity was included as a covariate. Running velocity emerged as the primary determinant of braking, impact, and shock accelerations, indicating that differences in self\u2010selected running velocity may contribute substantially to loading responses across varying slopes during overground running. These findings highlight a discrepancy between controlled laboratory simulations and competitive overground running, emphasizing the role of wearable technology in capturing ecologically valid gait alterations to different terrains.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsc.70261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:31:36Z","timestamp":1791189096000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biomechanical Responses to Level, Uphill, and Downhill Running Segments During an Outdoor Marathon"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3372-7209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ransi S.\u00a0S.","family":"Subasinghe Arachchige","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement Laboratory School of Health Sciences Western Sydney University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0534-5894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports and Health Sciences Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Academy of Wellness and Human Development Hong Kong Baptist University  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Centre for Exercise Science and Medicine (CESAME) Hong Kong Baptist University  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6210-2449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yannis","family":"Pitsiladis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Exercise Science and Medicine (CESAME) Hong Kong Baptist University  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Department of Biology Faculty of Science Hong Kong Baptist University  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Human Telemetrics Ltd  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2099-5343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports and Health Sciences Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Academy of Wellness and Human Development Hong Kong Baptist University  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Centre for Exercise Science and Medicine (CESAME) Hong Kong Baptist University  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0288-7755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roy T.\u00a0H.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement Laboratory School of Health Sciences Western Sydney University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Translational Health Research Institute Western Sydney University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010020\u201001355\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12283\u2010018\u20100271\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181c64308"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517736277"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100450(1985)024<0184:mahsor>2.0.co;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062\u20106050\u20100520.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2024.112443"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sports11100188"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12692"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010025\u201006085\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","volume-title":"Walk\u2010Run Transition Speed and the Relevance of Loading, Muscular Fatigue, and Human Kinematics: A Comparison of Human Gait Patterns","author":"Gunderson C.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010023\u201001913\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010025\u201002193\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0001161772.67280.a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000491645"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798\u2010022\u201000491\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2014.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1690023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a\u20101432\u20102336"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1713902"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318231aafa"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100032\u20101311588"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381211067721"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010025\u201005780\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026404101300036370"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000177217.12977.2f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","unstructured":"RunScribeTM.2016. \u201cMetrics.\u201dhttps:\/\/runscribe.com\/metrics\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000908"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36760"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2018.1449892"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010022\u201001680\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","unstructured":"Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon.2025. \u201cStandard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon.\u201d [Internet]: [cited 2026 Aug 1].http:\/\/www.hkmarathon.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022\u20104707.22.13049\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010016\u20100605\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13708"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798\u2010022\u201000477\u20100"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ejsc.70261","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ejsc.70261","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ejsc.70261","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:31:38Z","timestamp":1791189098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ejsc.70261"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ejsc.70261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsc.70261","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-1391","1536-7290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-1391","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-7290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"article-number":"e70261"}}