{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:37:54Z","timestamp":1792676274392,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) impairs health and performance, but age\u2010related patterns in its emergence remain unclear. This study examines RED symptoms in adolescent biathletes at season\u2010start and their link to end\u2010of\u2010season performance. A national cross\u2010sectional study including prospective performance registration recruited biathletes to complete validated questionnaires, followed by clinical interviews if eating disorders (EDs) were indicated. Athletes \u2265\u00a018\u00a0years were invited for physical laboratory assessments. End\u2010of\u2010season results were retrieved from open records. Analyses were performed by elastic net regression to identify the most stable predictors of performance, which were finally included in a linear regression model. Seventy\u2010two athletes (55% females) with mean (SD) age 17.8 (1.4) years, 13.3 (3.3) training hours\/week, and representing median (min, max) tier 3.0 (2, 5) were included. Prevalence in symptoms of low energy availability (LEA) was 18%, REDs 32%, EDs 11% (20% among females), and of depression 15%. Among 28 athletes (43% female) completing laboratory assessments, 11% had low BMD and \u2264\u00a025% had clinical metabolic markers. Symptoms of mental health issues and REDs were more common in females and the older age groups. Higher training volume and low RED severity positively predicted performance, whereas injury\/illness\u2010related training absences, cholesterol, and body fat percentage negatively affected race results. RED symptoms are common in young biathletes. Illness\/injury\u2010related training absences were frequent and linked to poorer end\u2010of\u2010season performance, underscoring the need for routine screening by health\u2010 and performance teams to detect and manage early symptoms of LEA, reduce RED risk, and prevent premature career termination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsc.70273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:42:20Z","timestamp":1792672940000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age\u2010Related Patterns of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) Symptoms and Key Performance Factors in Adolescent Biathletes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3687-583X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Therese Fostervold","family":"Mathisen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Welfare and Organisation \u00d8stfold University of Applied Sciences  Fredrikstad Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inger Johanne","family":"L\u00f8kkevik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social and Health Sciences University of Inland  Lillehammer Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3696-4402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Mette","family":"Rustaden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social and Health Sciences University of Inland  Lillehammer Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2549-5286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Sundgot\u2010Borgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Department for Eating Disorders Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital  Oslo 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