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The chip, which consists of a cell\u2010retention chamber with a weir structure, was fabricated just by a one\u2010photomask microfabrication procedure followed by on\u2010chip etching. This method differs from the conventional method, which uses two\u2010mask photolithography to fabricate the microchannel (deep etch) and the weir structure (shallow etch). The dimensions of the weir structure have been predicted by a mathematical model, and confirmed by confocal microscopy. Using this microfluidic method, the dynamic [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> mobilization in a single cardiomyocyte during its spontaneous contraction was quantified. Furthermore, we measured the cellular response of a cardiomyocyte on (i) a known cardiotonic agent (caffeine), (ii) a cardiotoxic chemotherapeutic drug (daunorubicin), and (iii) an herbal anticancer drug candidate \u2013 isoliquiritigenin (IQ) based on the fluorescent calcium measurement. It was found that IQ had produced a less pronounced effect on calcium mobilization of the cardiomyocytes whereas caffeine and daunorubicin had much stronger effects on the cells. These three experiments on cardiomyocytes pertaining to drug discovery were only possible after the improved cell retention provided by the new chip design (MV2) required for multiple\u2010step real\u2010time cellular analysis on a microchip, as compared with our old chip design (MV1).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200700312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,10]],"date-time":"2007-12-10T10:46:58Z","timestamp":1197283618000},"page":"4723-4733","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Real\u2010time monitoring of intracellular calcium dynamic mobilization of a single cardiomyocyte in a microfluidic chip pertaining to drug discovery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Xiujun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingbo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glen F","family":"Tibbits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul C.H.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-0658-3","volume-title":"Excitation\u2010Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force","author":"Bers D. 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