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These chemical messengers are involved in many functional processes, including growth, reproduction, memory, and behavior. In this communication, we describe a novel microfluidic paper\u2010based analytical device (\u03bcPAD) to detect acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and inhibitor screening through a colorimetric analysis. The \u03bcPAD is easily fabricated via a wax printing process whereby wax is deposited onto the surface of chromatographic paper, and heated to create a hydrophobic barrier. Separate solutions of 5,5\u2032\u2010dithiobis\u2010(2\u2010nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and samples containing AChE and acetylthiocholine iodide (ATC) (or cysteine, Cys), respectively, are directly spotted onto the \u03bcPAD. DTNB and AChE\/ATC (or Cys) flow towards each other where a reaction occurs to form the yellow colored 2\u2010nitro\u20105\u2010thiobenzoic acid anion (TNB<jats:sup>2\u2212<\/jats:sup>). The device is dried, scanned, and analyzed yielding a linear range of average inverse yellow intensities versus substrate concentration. An IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value (0.045 nM) with a known inhibitor, neostigmine bromide (NB), is obtained on the device. \u03bcPADs are low cost and easy to fabricate and have great potential to quantify neurotransmitter activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201600206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,24]],"date-time":"2016-12-24T14:43:13Z","timestamp":1482590593000},"page":"1002-1006","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A microfluidic paper\u2010based device to assess acetylcholinesterase activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Chunye","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University  Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy Xi'an Medical University  Xi'an P. R. 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