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The voltage sequencer instrument takes a 0\u20135\u00a0V input signal from a microcontroller and produces a reciprocally proportional voltage signal with the capability to achieve the voltages required for MCE actuation. The unit developed in this work features four independent voltage channels, measures 105 \u00d7 143 \u00d7 45\u00a0mm (width \u00d7 length \u00d7 height), and the cost to assemble is under 60 USD. The system is controlled by a peripheral interface controller and commands are given via universal serial bus connection to a personal computer running a command line graphical user interface. The performance of the voltage sequencer is demonstrated by its integration with a fluorescence spectroscopy MCE sensor using pinched sample injection and electrophoretic separation to detect ciprofloxacin in samples of milk. This application is chosen as it is particularly important for the dairy industry, where fines and health concerns are associated with the shipping of antibiotic\u2010contaminated milk. The voltage sequencer instrument presented represents an effective low\u2010cost instrumentation method for conducting MCE, thereby making these experiments accessible and affordable for use in industries such as the dairy industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.202000116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T14:52:39Z","timestamp":1598367159000},"page":"1961-1968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Voltage control for microchip capillary electrophoresis analyses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Rick","family":"Bosma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering College of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Guelph  Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1114-810X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasen","family":"Devasagayam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering College of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Guelph  Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Eswar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering College of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Guelph  Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iasmin de Fran\u00e7a","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering College of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Guelph  Guelph ON Canada"},{"name":"Electrical Engineering Federal Institute of Para\u00cdba  Jo\u00e3o Pessoa PB Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Collier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering College of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Guelph  Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0206622"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201000203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2010.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2007.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201100454","volume":"33","author":"Shang F.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0lc00533a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr400549e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200900297"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201000417"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200900777"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201700480"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201201778","volume":"9","author":"Jiang L.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b309339e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2010.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20058-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201800033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201100626"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201700160"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2013.03.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201000100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200600550"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-nbt.2012.0044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-nbt:20080005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b316916b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B711165G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b314349j"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-nbt.2009.0018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01932690802701523"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","first-page":"1","author":"Wright K.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. 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