{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T10:56:17Z","timestamp":1782298577189,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21-22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82030058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82030058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Electrophoresis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Formalin fixatives are widely used in forensics to preserve tissues. However, extracting high\u2010quality genomic DNA from formalin\u2010fixed samples is challenging. Traditional short tandem repeat (STR) analysis using capillary electrophoresis (CE) for forensic DNA typing frequently results in failure. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) can handle many samples and thousands of genetic markers, usually single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and STRs, in a single test. Thus, it is useful for assessing highly deteriorated forensic evidence. Few studies have examined the effectiveness of STRs and SNPs genotyping of formalin\u2010fixed skeletons using MPS. In this study, 55 skeletal samples from 5 individuals that were treated under different formalin fixation times (5\u201375 days) were examined and sequenced using the ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit on the Illumina MiSeq FGX platform. The results showed that as the duration of formalin fixation increased, the detection rates of STRs and SNPs gradually decreased. After 75 days of fixation, the average detection rates for STRs and SNPs were 4% and 10%, respectively. The cumulative discrimination power (CDP) of individual identification SNPs (iiSNPs) was &gt;0.9999 on the 45th day. However, the CDP of STRs was 0.9930 on the 22nd day. Low detection rates were observed for six STRs (D1S1656, PentaE, D22S1045, PentaD, DX8378 and DX10103) and five SNPs (rs2920816, rs354439, rs1736442, rs338882 and rs1031825). In conclusion, DNA extracted from formalin\u2010fixed skeletons decomposes rapidly over time, and MPS technology can be a useful tool for detecting forensic genetic markers in such samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.202400056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T01:31:14Z","timestamp":1728955874000},"page":"2019-2027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Forensic STR and SNP Genotyping of Formalin\u2010Fixed Skeleton Samples With Illumina's ForenSeq System"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9057-5228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Forensic Medicine Shanxi Medical University  Jinzhong Shanxi China"},{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine  Jinzhong Shanxi 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