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In this study, we examined differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between abamectin\u2010resistant (Aba<jats:sup>R<\/jats:sup>; under abamectin selective pressure) and susceptible strains (Aba<jats:sup>S<\/jats:sup>; without abamectin selective pressure) of <jats:italic>F. occidentalis<\/jats:italic>. Proteins were isolated from second instar larvae of both strains and separated via two\u2010dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Nano\u2010flow liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry identified selected protein spot features. From 70 DEPs, 43 spot features were identified: A total of 23 showed an increase in abundance, and 20 were down\u2010regulated in response to abamectin pressure. The enzymatic and structural proteins were classified into the functional groups of macromolecular metabolisms, signaling and cellular processes, immune system, genetic information processing, and exoskeleton\u2010related proteins. The up\u2010regulation of exoskeleton\u2010related proteins may contribute to forming a thicker cuticle, potentially hindering abamectin penetration, which is an interesting finding that needs further investigation. Two novel proteins, triacylglycerol lipase and cuticle protein CPF 2, were only expressed in Aba<jats:sup>R<\/jats:sup>. This work provides insights into abamectin resistance mechanisms in <jats:italic>F. occidentalis<\/jats:italic>, which will provide important information for developing insecticide resistance management approaches for this pest.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.202400171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T01:34:17Z","timestamp":1736472857000},"page":"112-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative Proteomics of Resistant and Susceptible Strains of <i>Frankliniella occidentalis<\/i> to Abamectin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Gholami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell &amp; Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shahid Beheshti University  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran  Karaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Foad","family":"Fatehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture Payame Noor University (PNU)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh Habibpour","family":"Mehraban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Sciences Macquarie University  North Ryde Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Haynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Sciences Macquarie University  North Ryde Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalil Talebi","family":"Jahromi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran  Karaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vahid","family":"Hosseininaveh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran  Karaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Mosallanejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9225-7521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00e4r K.","family":"Ingvarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4676-1545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naser","family":"Farrokhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell &amp; 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