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Here, the focus will be on impurity profiling of pharmaceuticals. This can be done by employing green chromatographic techniques using eco\u2010friendly solvents, advanced spectroscopic approaches, microextraction, and miniaturization techniques. Pharmaceutical analysis's greenness can be evaluated using various assessment tools and the advanced analytical greenness metric (AGREE). This review comparatively discusses all these tools by highlighting their eco\u2010friendly nature, methodology, adherence to the 12 major principles of green chemistry, and validation of their results. Furthermore, state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art case studies utilizing green chemistry principles for impurity profiling of pharmaceuticals have also been discussed, along with their employed techniques and observations, thus offering insights into successful implementation. Still, cost, affordability, scalability, and reproducibility vary across techniques, with, for example, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) showing more substantial potential than nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Greenness metrics also lack global harmonization, limiting comparability. Challenges like stringent regulatory frameworks and a lack of standardized global policies should be overcome by integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), as well as more interdisciplinary collaboration among associated professionals, for the widespread adoption of efficient, sustainable, and eco\u2010friendlier pharmaceutical analysis techniques. For AI\/ML, trustworthiness will require validation and regulatory alignment to ensure they complement rather than replace existing protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.70062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T09:26:06Z","timestamp":1765013166000},"page":"87-105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Green Analytical Techniques for Impurity Determination in Pharmaceuticals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Muneeb Ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy University of Sargodha  Sargodha Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences KU Leuven, Pharmaceutical Analysis  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habiba","family":"Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Government College University  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mubashra","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Agriculture  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erwin","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences KU Leuven, Pharmaceutical Analysis  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Role of Quality Assurance in Accelerating Pharmaceutical Research and Development: Strategies for Ensuring Regulatory Compliance and Product Integrity","volume":"8","author":"Kabir M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Angiotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Recent Advances in the Determination of Elemental Impurities in Pharmaceuticals\u2014Status, Challenges and Moving Frontiers","volume":"80","author":"Balaram V.","year":"2016","journal-title":"TrAC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2024.2384046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826070701191151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1617"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527678129.assep064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201401143"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.22376"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00571"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsc.2017.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/analytica6010010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.greeac.2024.100109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22297928.2024.2309366"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2023.2197495"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c06662"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.1007501"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/28378083.2025.2466624"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b617536h"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.111400"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sscp.202400004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2025.344052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","article-title":"An Overview of the Current Progress in Green Analytical Chemistry by Evaluating Recent Studies Using Greenness Assessment Tools","volume":"168","author":"Cetinkaya A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"TrAC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","article-title":"How Environmentally Friendly Is the Analytical Process? 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