{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T06:55:33Z","timestamp":1781679333470,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Electrophoresis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We present a novel paper\u2010based nucleic acid amplification (NAA) technique using electrokinetic nucleic acid amplification (E\u2010NAAMP). In E\u2010NAAMP, a high radio frequency (RF) potential is applied across a conductive aqueous sample to induce an Ohmic current and drive the sample temperature to increase by Joule heating. Using this RF approach, we investigate the ability to induce E\u2010NAAMP in pressurized paper\u2010based microfluidic channels. We use the microfluidic pressure\u2010in\u2010paper (\u00b5PiP) method to encapsulate synthetic and natural fiber\u2010based paper channels between thin sheets of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with two strips of conductive PDMS that have been infused with carbon black (PDMS\u2010CB) to act as electrodes in contact with the paper channels. A high\u2010frequency (38\u00a0MHz) voltage is applied across a conductive NAA sample via the PDMS\u2010CB electrodes to generate Joule heating within the paper structure. Here, we show that \u00b5PiP\u2010based E\u2010NAAMP can amplify NAs using the loop\u2010mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction. We first investigate the pore\u2010scale temperature profile numerically by solving the relevant energy transport equations within digitized paper fiber domains obtained using micro\u2010computed tomography (micro\u2010CT) scans. We compare these temperature\u2013voltage predictions to those measured experimentally and demonstrate good agreement, suggesting that RF Joule heating is a viable method for electrokinetically heating paper\u2010based microfluidic platforms. We next examine the effect of a porous substrate on NAA and demonstrate that the carrier protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), is required for paper\u2010based NAA reactions by preventing polymerase adsorption within the paper structure. Finally, we show successful NAA in paper using E\u2010NAAMP with multiple paper fiber types while also further demonstrating BSA's necessity for paper E\u2010NAAMP success. Our results demonstrate that paper\u2010based microfluidic NAA using Joule heating is a viable alternative to traditional microfluidic NAA devices by offering substantial heating element miniaturization and decreased fabrication complexity when compared to both traditional and Joule\u2010heated microfluidic NAA devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.70088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T06:26:12Z","timestamp":1773728772000},"page":"387-395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrokinetic Nucleic Acid Amplification (E\u2010NAAMP) Using Paper\u2010PDMS Microfluidics and High\u2010Frequency Joule Heating"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Jarad","family":"Yost","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas 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