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Electrophoretic techniques probe these interactions by tracking changes in electrophoretic mobility, conformation, complex formation, and biopolymer integrity. This review surveys electrophoretic strategies for characterizing plant\u2010derived compound\u2010DNA and \u2010protein interactions, covering fundamental DNA\u2010binding modes (intercalation, groove binding, electrostatic association, cleavage), representative phytochemicals and extracts, and analytical challenges of complex plant matrices, including chemical heterogeneity, synergistic and antagonistic effects, and active\u2010constituent identification. Particular attention is given to capillary electrophoresis\u2010based approaches (affinity CE, CE, and pressure\u2010assisted frontal analysis) and gel\u2010based methods (agarose gel electrophoresis, native PAGE, SDS\u2010PAGE). The literature shows capillary electrophoresis excels at quantifying binding affinity, stoichiometry, and specificity, whereas gel electrophoresis better visualizes ligand\u2010induced changes in DNA topology and protein behavior. HSA and BSA dominate as model proteins, while advanced methods remain underapplied to chemically complex extracts, gaps pointing toward broader protein targets and natural\u2010product systems. Integrating mass spectrometry, advanced detection, and data\u2010driven approaches could further strengthen the mechanistic and quantitative reach of electrophoretic analysis in this field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.70163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:56:56Z","timestamp":1790751416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrophoretic Approaches for Investigating Plant\u2010Derived Compound Interactions With DNA and Proteins"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Zeynep","family":"Aydemir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University  Maslak T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beril S.","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University  Maslak T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry Istanbul Health and Technology University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meysera","family":"Bak\u0131rc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University  Maslak T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah Al","family":"Faysal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Atat\u00fcrk University  Erzurum T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynep","family":"Kalayc\u0131o\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University  Maslak T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ay\u015feg\u00fcl","family":"G\u00f6lc\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University  Maslak T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc749"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2007.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9027164"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2013.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2016.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2014.02.092"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2006.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_9_1","volume-title":"Advances in Pharmacology and Chemotherapy","author":"Garattini S.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi201010g"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b01285"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.CRJ04003X"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2019.102679"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200601113008"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ic200443p"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.120885"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200410193"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201200056"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.70148"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10953\u2010010\u20109608\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.1403"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemolab.2026.105659"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2025.127130"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26577\/IJBCh2024v17i1\u2010a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2003.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1cp04529f"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. 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