{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T06:39:12Z","timestamp":1792391952978,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Electrophoresis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Understanding interfacial interactions on porous water filtration membranes and developing innovative methods to reduce membrane fouling remain key challenges in membrane\u2010based water treatment systems. This work presents an innovative 3D microfluidic system that integrates electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to examine membrane\u2013electrolyte interactions on nonconductive polymeric membranes. Glass slides patterned with micro\u2010gold electrodes act as the working, reference, and counter electrodes. In contrast, a porous nylon membrane is sandwiched between them using pressure\u2010sensitive double\u2010sided tape with microchannels. The device was tested through colorimetric and fluorescence\u2010based leakage analysis, confirming complete fluid confinement within the microchannel and demonstrating that the tape\u2013membrane interfaces are robust and leak\u2010free. To assess the electrochemical performance of the platform, EIS was performed at varying KCl concentrations as the electrolyte. The results showed a strong link between charge transfer resistance and electrolyte ionic strength, in line with classical electrochemical theory, which states that higher ionic strength compresses the electric double layer and promotes faster charge transfer. As KCl concentration increased from 1 to 10 and 100\u00a0mM, the charge transfer resistance decreased significantly, indicating improved ionic conductivity and lower interfacial impedance, and producing stable, reproducible Nyquist spectra at higher concentrations. Comparison with the control configuration (without the membrane) revealed consistently higher charge\u2010transfer resistance in the membrane\u2010integrated device, confirming the porous membrane's contribution to ion\u2010transport resistance. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the microfluidic membrane device offers a leak\u2010free, stable, and precisely controlled microscale environment, ideal for studying interfacial electrochemical processes and fouling behavior. It also provides a versatile foundation for future integration of spectroscopic, photoelectrochemical, and advanced membrane\u2010science techniques for real\u2010time mechanistic investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.70170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T05:39:45Z","timestamp":1792388385000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a 3D\u2010Membrane\u2010Integrated Microfluidic System for Electrochemical Characterization of Membrane"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Najamuddin Naveed","family":"Khaja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreerag","family":"Kaaliveetil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niranjan Haridas","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chetan Prakash","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagnik","family":"Basuray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology  Newark New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2013.05.075","article-title":"Energy\u2010Efficient Polymeric Gas Separation Membranes for a Sustainable Future: A Review","volume":"54","author":"Sanders D. 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