{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:33:14Z","timestamp":1790303594787,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,7]],"date-time":"2002-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1015459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":65,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ and Mol Mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The first generation of studies evaluating the association between exposure to tobacco smoke and breast cancer merely compared active to nonactive smokers, with varying degrees of detail in the definition of active smoking. With rare exceptions, studies of this kind failed to show an effect of smoking on breast cancer risk. However, such analysis is probably insufficient. The most recent reports on the smoking\u2013breast cancer connection have two characteristics. Some have separated women exposed to passive smoking from those nonexposed to either active or passive smoke. Other reports have focused on factors that modify the effect of smoking on breast cancer incidence, such as genetic markers or hormone receptors. A minority of reports combines these two characteristics. This review addresses the epidemiologic evidence for a link between smoking and breast cancer and discusses the implications of this evidence for future studies. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:89\u201395, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.10046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T23:12:15Z","timestamp":1030317135000},"page":"89-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Smoking (active and passive) and breast cancer: Epidemiologic evidence up to June 2001"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Morabia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Impact of genetics on the relationship between smoking and breast cancer risk","volume":"3","author":"Ambrosone CB","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Women's Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"3483","article-title":"Cytochrome p4501a1 and glutathione S\u2010transferase (m1) genetic polymorphisms and postmenopausal breast cancer risk","volume":"55","author":"Ambrosone CB","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540180050032","article-title":"Cigarette smoking, N\u2010acetyltransferase 2 genetic polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk","volume":"276","author":"Ambrosone CB","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"399","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and breast cancer","volume":"5","author":"Baron JA","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/90.10.761"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116939"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Chang\u2010ClaudeJ KroppS BartschH RischA.2001.Active and passive smoking N\u2010acetyltransferase 2 genotype and breast cancer risk[abstract]. 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