{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T07:51:15Z","timestamp":1780645875011,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,8]],"date-time":"2002-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1015545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":66,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ and Mol Mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We review our studies on the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)\u2013DNA adducts in breast cancer. Additionally we report on analyses of the reliability of the scoring procedures used with immunohistochemical assay for PAH\u2013DNA adducts and of potential bias arising from the use of benign breast disease (BBD) controls. We conducted a case\u2010control study utilizing two control groups: BBD controls who donated tissue and blood samples, and healthy controls who donated blood samples. In comparisons of tumor tissue from cases and benign tissue from BBD controls, increasing adduct levels were significantly associated with case\u2010control status [odds ratio (OR) = 2.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18\u20134.92], whereas in comparisons of nontumor tissue from cases and benign tissue from BBD controls the association was nonsignificant (OR = 1.97, 95% CI 0.94\u20134.17). We also show among cases, but not among BBD controls, that the<jats:italic>GSTM1<\/jats:italic>null genotype is associated with increased adduct levels in breast tissue. Our reliability study found the scoring procedures used with the immunohistochemical assay to have high reliability, 0.93 in nontumor, 0.82 in tumor, and 0.74 in benign tissues. However, we found that the technician significantly contributed to the total variability of a series of data. Finally, we did not find a consistent bias to the null associated with the use of BBD controls; however, BBD controls may overestimate the prevalence of family history of breast cancer compared to that of healthy controls (18% vs.14%). We hypothesize that the higher prevalence results from a referral bias and discuss how this may influence our results. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:201\u2013207, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.10048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T23:12:15Z","timestamp":1030317135000},"page":"201-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Molecular epidemiologic studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon\u2013DNA adducts and breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Rundle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deliang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanina","family":"Hibshoosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freya","family":"Schnabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amalia","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingzhi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Link","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederica","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780192617057.001.0001","volume-title":"Principles of exposure measurement in epidemiology","author":"Armstrong B","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.55.10.651"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Breast adipose tissue concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and other organochlorines and breast cancer risk","volume":"9","author":"Aronson KJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.14.1159"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Risk factors for fibrocystic breast disease and its histopathologic components","volume":"75","author":"Berkowitz G","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/14.3.483"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/17.5.911"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.37.4.271"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx00029a001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"5617","article-title":"Genotoxicity of environmental agents in human mammary epithelial cells","volume":"52","author":"Eldridge SR","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540250057032"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in human breast lipids and their relation to breast cancer","volume":"47","author":"Falck F","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(92)90018-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"255","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and other risk factors in relation to p53 expression in breast cancer among young women","volume":"8","author":"Gammon M","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017960"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910330306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Immunoperoxidase quantitation of 4\u2010aminobipheny\u2010 and polycylic aromatic hydrocarbon\u2010DNA adducts in exfoliated oral and urothelial cells of smokers and nonsmokers","volume":"6","author":"Hsu T","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","series-title":"IARC monographs on the evaluation on the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans","first-page":"453","volume-title":"Polynuclear aromatic compounds. 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