{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T12:47:32Z","timestamp":1761310052713},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,22]],"date-time":"2002-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1027296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":202,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ and Mol Mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>An improved protocol was developed to detect light\u2010induced clastogenic photoproducts in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Dishes (60 mm) containing cells and the test material or vehicle control in 3 mL of phosphate\u2010buffered saline were exposed to light using a SUNTEST CPS solar simulation unit. Importantly, cells were exposed at about 25 cm from the light source, thereby allowing a short exposure time of 2 min. With this exposure the assay was conducted with lids removed during the UV exposure with minimal risk of contamination. After preliminary experiments an exposure of 165.6 mJ\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> UVA: 17.0 mJ\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> UVB was selected for treatments with the different phototoxins. Under these exposure conditions about 10\u201315% aberrant cells were induced in vehicle control cultures with no or minimal cytotoxicity. The well\u2010known photoclastogens 8\u2010methoxypsoralen (8\u2010MOP) and chlorpromazine (CLZ) were tested. In agreement with published data, 8\u2010MOP and CLZ were clastogenic (lowest observed effect level, LOEL, was 0.0159 \u03bcg\/mL and 1.03 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively). In the absence of UV, 8\u2010MOP was clastogenic at a much higher concentration (LOEL 251 \u03bcg\/mL without UV vs. 0.0159 \u03bcg\/mL with UV) while CLZ was negative up to a toxic concentration of 35 \u03bcg\/mL. 7,12\u2010Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), which is photomutagenic in bacteria, was clastogenic at \u22650.005 \u03bcg\/mL with UV light (without S9) and at \u22652.53 \u03bcg\/mL with S9 (without UV light). These results demonstrate the utility of the protocol for the detection of photoclastogenicity and expand the characterization of DMBA's photogenotoxic activity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 40:41\u201349, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.10086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T11:53:08Z","timestamp":1033905188000},"page":"41-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Photoclastogenicity\u2014an improved protocol, its validation, and investigation of the photogenotoxicity of DMBA"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Murli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Aardema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Lawlor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Spicer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(79)90141-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(79)90127-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(93)90027-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(93)90028-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/6.5.335"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(94)00012-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1110(96)90004-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"358","article-title":"Average generation time: a new method of analysis and quantitation of cellular proliferation kinetics","volume":"4","author":"Ivett JL","year":"1982","journal-title":"Environ Mutagen"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/18.4.811"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(97)00126-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Commission of the European Communities Scientific Committee for Cosmetology","author":"SCC Guideline CSC\/803\u20105\/90","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-468X(85)90015-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1161(96)90228-9"}],"container-title":["Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fem.10086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/em.10086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T18:16:52Z","timestamp":1696616212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/em.10086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/em.10086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/em.10086","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-6692","1098-2280"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-6692","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2280","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}}}