{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T11:08:23Z","timestamp":1724756903678},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,8]],"date-time":"2003-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":341,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ and Mol Mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds are widely accepted as human lung carcinogens. However, there have been few investigations of the genotoxicity of Cr(VI) in human lung cells. Moreover, our knowledge of the effects of Cr(VI) in human lung cells is further limited because the available data generally focus on the effects of only lead chromate (PbCrO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) and sodium chromate (Na<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>CrO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>). To fully understand these carcinogenic compounds, the genotoxic effects to its target cells need to be evaluated for additional Cr(VI) salts. Accordingly, we investigated the cytotoxicity and clastogenicity of barium chromate (BC) in a human lung cell culture model (WTHBF\u20106 cells). We found that BC induced concentration\u2010dependent cytotoxicity in WTHBF\u20106 cells, with relative survival of 88%, 74%, 67%, 12%, 3%, and 0.1% after exposure to 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 \u03bcg\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> BC, respectively. Similarly, the amount of chromosomal damage also increased with concentration after a 24\u2010h exposure. Specifically, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 \u03bcg\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> BaCrO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> damaged 5%, 9%, 22%, and 49% of metaphase cells, with the total damage reaching 5, 10, 28, and 65 aberrations per 100 metaphases, respectively. Concentrations of 1 and 5 \u03bcg\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> BC induced a profound cell cycle delay, and no metaphases were observed. The spectrum of damage included chromatid and chromosome\u2010type lesions consistent with mechanistic events associated with the activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Overall the data indicate that BC is cytotoxic and genotoxic to human lung cells. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 42:274\u2013278, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.10203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,10]],"date-time":"2003-12-10T09:00:27Z","timestamp":1071046827000},"page":"274-278","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Barium chromate is cytotoxic and genotoxic to human lung cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Sandra S.","family":"Wise","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie H.C.","family":"Schuler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spiros P.","family":"Katsifis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Sr.","given":"John Pierce","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/3.2.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/305779a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/10.11.2043"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","series-title":"Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: chromium, nickel and welding","author":"IARC","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1994.268"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"2342","article-title":"\u201cHot spots\u201d of chromium accumulation at bifurcations of chromate workers' bronchi","volume":"54","author":"Ishikawa Y","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110s5739"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(80)90018-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/7.5.831"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"3815","article-title":"Transformation of C3H\/10T1\/2 mouse embryo cells by insoluble lead chromate but not soluble calcium chromate: relationship to mutagenesis and internalization of lead chromate particles","volume":"47","author":"Patierno SR","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8816"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(85)90066-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/14.3.429"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(02)00071-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MCBI.0000007266.82705.d9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6336310"}],"container-title":["Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fem.10203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/em.10203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T12:27:17Z","timestamp":1700224037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/em.10203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/em.10203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/em.10203","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-6692","1098-2280"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-6692","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2280","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}}}