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In addition, a series of studies was conducted to explore the mechanism of radioprotection. Radioprotection was evaluated by the ability of Liv 52 to reduce both the frequency of bone marrow micronucleated erythrocytes and the lethality produced by <jats:sup>60<\/jats:sup>Co \u03b3\u2010radiation. Mice were treated by oral gavage once daily for seven consecutive days with 500 mg\/kg body weight Liv 52 or carboxymethylcellulose vehicle prior to radiation. Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MPCEs), micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes (MNCEs), and the PCE\/NCE ratio were measured at 0.25\u201314 days after exposure to whole\u2010body radiation doses of 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3.0, or 4.5 Gy; animal survival was monitored after doses of 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 Gy. Pretreatment of mice with Liv 52 significantly reduced the frequency of radiation\u2010induced MPCEs and MNCEs. Irradiation reduced the PCE\/NCE ratio in a dose\u2010related manner for up to 7 days following irradiation; Liv 52 pretreatment significantly mitigated against these reductions. Liv 52 treatment also reduced the symptoms of radiation sickness and increased mouse survival 10 and 30 days after irradiation. Liv 52 pretreatment elevated the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), increased the activities of glutathione transferase, GSH peroxidase, GSH reductase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, and lowered lipid peroxidation (LPx) and the activities of alanine amino transferase and aspartate aminotransferase 30 min after exposure to 7 Gy of \u03b3\u2010radiation. Liv 52 pretreatment also reduced radiation\u2010induced LPx and increased GSH concentration 31 days following the exposure. The results of this study indicate that pretreatment with Liv 52 reduces the genotoxic and lethal effects of \u03b3\u2010irradiation in mice and suggest that this radioprotection may be afforded by reducing the toxic effects of the oxidative products of irradiation. Environ Mol. Mutagen., 2006. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,6]],"date-time":"2006-06-06T18:03:21Z","timestamp":1149617001000},"page":"490-502","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of the radioprotective effect of Liv 52 in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Ganesh C.","family":"Jagetia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narsipura G.","family":"Ganapathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ponemone","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nageshwar","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manjeshwar S.","family":"Baliga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"925","volume-title":"Handbook of Mathematical Functions","author":"Abramowitz M","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","series-title":"Methods of Enzymatic Analysis","first-page":"735","author":"Bergmeyer HU","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(78)52032-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Mammalian Radiation Lethality","author":"Bond VP","year":"1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"A modification of micronucleus test and its use for evaluating the cytogenetic changes after irradiation","volume":"28","author":"Brezani P","year":"1982","journal-title":"Folia Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3575878"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280076","article-title":"Effect of Liv 52, a herbal preparation, on absorption and metabolism of ethanol in humans","volume":"40","author":"Chauhan BL","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Bioassay for the evaluation of the hepatoprotective effect of Liv 52, a polyherbal formulation, on ethanol metabolism in chronic alcohol\u2010exposed rats","volume":"26","author":"Chauhan BL","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ind J Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/277317a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(81)90184-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1978.tb07028.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"EdgrenM.1987.Inherent radioprotection of cells. 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