{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:52:25Z","timestamp":1791975145900,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,26]],"date-time":"2014-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consejer\u00c3\u00ada de Innovaci\u00c3\u00b3n (Council of Innovation), Junta de Andaluc\u00c3\u00ada, SPAIN","award":["P09-CVI-5062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P09-CVI-5062"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ and Mol Mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There are concerns about genetic risks associated with long\u2010term exposure to pesticides as these compounds may damage DNA, resulting in mutations that eventually lead to cancer, neurological, and reproductive adverse health effects. This study assessed DNA damage in intensive agricultural workers exposed to pesticides by determining the levels of N7\u2010methyldeoxyguanosine (N7\u2010MedG), an adduct known to be a robust biomarker of recent exposure to chemical methylating agents. A cohort of 39 plastic greenhouse workers was assessed for changes in lymphocyte DNA N7\u2010MedG levels between low level and high level exposures during the course of a spraying season. The contributions of genetic polymorphisms of the pesticide\u2010metabolizing enzymes paraoxonase\u20101 (PON1) and the glutathione S\u2010transferases, GSTM1 and GSTT1, on N7\u2010MedG levels and other potential confounders were also assessed. N7\u2010MedG increased in the period of high pesticide exposure as compared to the low exposure period (0.23 and 0.18 \u00b5mol N7\u2010MedG\/mol dG for the unadjusted and adjusted linear mixed models, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02 and 0.08, respectively). Significant decreased levels of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and plasma cholinesterase were observed in the high versus low exposure period in both the unadjusted (2.85 U\/g hemoglobin and 213.13 U\/L, respectively) and adjusted linear mixed models (2.99 U\/g hemoglobin and 230.77 U\/L, respectively), indicating pesticide intake. In intensive agriculture workers, higher pesticide exposure increased DNA alkylation levels, further demonstrating the genotoxicity of pesticides in man. In addition, pesticide\u2010exposed individuals with inherited susceptible metabolic genotypes (particularly, null genotype for <jats:italic>GSTM1<\/jats:italic> and the <jats:italic>PON1 192R<\/jats:italic> allele) appear to have an increased risk of genotoxic DNA damage. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 56:437\u2013445, 2015. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.21929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,27]],"date-time":"2014-11-27T05:03:59Z","timestamp":1417064639000},"page":"437-445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Increased <scp>N<\/scp>7\u2010methyldeoxyguanosine <scp>DNA<\/scp> adducts after occupational exposure to pesticides and influence of genetic polymorphisms of paraoxonase\u20101 and glutathione <scp><i>S<\/i><\/scp>\u2010transferase <scp>M<\/scp>1 and <scp>T<\/scp>1"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"G\u00f3mez\u2010Mart\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology University of Granada School of Medicine Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bashar","family":"Altakroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Lozano\u2010Paniagua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology University of Granada School of Medicine Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey P.","family":"Margison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"de Vocht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol Bristol BS8 2PS United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew C.","family":"Povey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio F.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology University of Granada School of Medicine Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2004.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02772240600952026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2007.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1110(96)90040-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"1704","article-title":"Cancer health effects of pesticides","volume":"53","author":"Bassil KL","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/13.7.1053"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00498257209111060"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(94)90026-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgp020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(03)00015-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390902929741"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2009.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(82)90050-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gel011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2012.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2013.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8051402"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gen031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1984.tb01970.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2004.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kft091"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","volume-title":"Pesticide Residues in Food: 1993 Evaluations. II. Toxicology. FAO Plant Production and Protection. DiChlorvos","author":"FAO\/WHO","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi292"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2010.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(00)00092-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"1942","article-title":"Interaction of organophosphorus pesticides with DNA nucleotides on a boron\u2010doped diamond electrode","volume":"24","author":"Garbellini GS","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Braz Chem Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","unstructured":"GrubeA DonaldsonD KielyT WuL.2011. Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage: 2006 and 2007 Market Estimates. US\u2010EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Washington USA (http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pesticides\/pestsales\/07pestsales\/market_estimates2007.pdf)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"The risk of adverse reproductive and developmental disorders due to occupational pesticide exposure: An overview of current epidemiological evidence","volume":"17","author":"Hanke W","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Occup Med Environ Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx000071b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327103ht400oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","first-page":"495","volume-title":"Anticholinesterase Pesticides: Metabolism, Neurotoxicity and Epidemiology","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez AF","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e3283445939"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.05.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.11.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2011.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","first-page":"294","article-title":"Biomonitoring and biomarkers of organophosphate pesticides exposure\u2014State of the art","volume":"18","author":"Kapka\u2010Skrzypczak L","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2010\/543531"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.097899"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2005.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2003.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2009.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0617"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22863"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(99)00200-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00971332"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2011.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.10100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","first-page":"361","article-title":"(32)P\u2010postlabeling detection of DNA adducts in peripheral white blood cells of greenhouse floriculturists from western Liguria, Italy","volume":"5","author":"Peluso M","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(01)00266-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0813"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Mechanisms of carcinogenesis induced by alkylating agents","volume":"823","author":"Saffhill R","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-199912000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0631"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2011.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2011.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2010.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/12.6.1041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/35.1.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","first-page":"483","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of the toxic action of alkylating agents","volume":"15","author":"Verly WG","year":"1970","journal-title":"Rev Eur Etud Clin Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1244"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901731"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","first-page":"52","volume-title":"Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. Vol. 4: Methods of Enzymatic Analysis","author":"Whittaker M","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Sites of methylation of DNA bases by the action of organophosphorus insecticides in vitro","volume":"33","author":"Wiaderkiewicz R","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Pol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(75)90003-2"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1981.tb03252.x","article-title":"Alkylation of DNA by organophosphorus pesticides","volume":"49","author":"Wooder MF","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(99)00144-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1872312811206030006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-1987-1-204","article-title":"Methylation of guanine in vivo by the organophosphorus insecticide methamidophos","volume":"42","author":"Zayed SM","year":"1987","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung Sect C Biosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.21718"}],"container-title":["Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fem.21929","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/em.21929","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T19:58:11Z","timestamp":1696622291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/em.21929"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,26]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/em.21929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/em.21929","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-6692","1098-2280"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-6692","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2280","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,26]]}}}