{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T20:14:09Z","timestamp":1788898449653,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ and Mol Mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Erythrocyte\u2010based <jats:italic>PIG\u2010A<\/jats:italic> assay is sensitive and reliable in detecting exposure to mutagenetic agents in animal studies, but there are few data from human populations. In this study, we employed a method for detecting CD59 phenotypic variants, resulting from mutation in the <jats:italic>PIG\u2010A<\/jats:italic> gene, in human red blood cells (RBCs), and determined the CD59\u2010deficient RBC (RBC<jats:sup>CD59\u2212<\/jats:sup>) frequencies in 217 subjects from general population. The majority of subjects had a relatively low mutant frequencies (MFs) (average, 5.25\u2009\u00b1\u20093.6 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>, median, 4.38 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>, for all subjects), but with males having a significantly greater MFs (5.97\u2009\u00b1\u20094.0 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>) than females (4.19\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5 \u00d710<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>). There was no correlation between MFs and age. In addition, MFs showed no difference between smoker and nonsmoker, and also no association with smoke duration in male subjects. However, there was a significant correlation between cigarette\u2010pack\u2010years which indicated that the MF was only slightly elevated with the increase of cigarette\u2010pack\u2010years. Moreover, intraindividual variations were investigated in three volunteer subjects over 300 days, and the MFs were relatively stable and repeatable. Furthermore, a pilot study by using white blood cell (WBC) assay based on labeling with FLAER was performed in volunteer subjects. The MFs of FLAER\u2010deficient WBC (WBC<jats:sup>FLAER\u2212<\/jats:sup>) and RBC<jats:sup>CD59\u2212<\/jats:sup> were consistently elevated in two subjects. Our findings provide baseline data that will be helpful in designing further studies using the <jats:italic>PIG\u2010A<\/jats:italic> assay to monitor the genotoxic effects of carcinogens in human populations. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:589\u2013604, 2016. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T18:26:18Z","timestamp":1472754378000},"page":"605-614","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A population study using the human erythrocyte <i>PIG\u2010A<\/i> assay"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Yiyi","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Tong Ren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School Of Medicine Shanghai 200336 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