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Phthalates are known endocrine disruptors with ubiquitous exposures in the general population including pregnant women, and they have been linked with a number of adverse health outcomes. We examined the association between\n                    <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                    phthalate exposure and altered patterns of cord blood DNA methylation in 336 Mexican\u2010American newborns. Concentrations of 11 phthalate metabolites were analyzed in maternal urine samples collected at 13 and 26 weeks gestation as a measure of fetal exposure. DNA methylation was assessed using the Infinium HumanMethylation 450K BeadChip adjusting for cord blood cell composition. To identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) that may be more informative than individual CpG sites, we used two different approaches,\n                    <jats:italic>DMRcate<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>comb\u2010p<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Regional assessment by both methods identified 27 distinct DMRs, the majority of which were in relation to multiple phthalate metabolites. Most of the significant DMRs (67%) were observed for later pregnancy (26 weeks gestation). Further, 51% of the significant DMRs were associated with the di\u2010(2\u2010ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites. Five individual CpG sites were associated with phthalate metabolite concentrations after multiple comparisons adjustment (FDR), all showing hypermethylation. Genes with DMRs were involved in inflammatory response (\n                    <jats:italic>IRAK4<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ESM1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), cancer (\n                    <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>LASP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), endocrine function (\n                    <jats:italic>CNPY1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and male fertility (\n                    <jats:italic>IFT140<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>TESC<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>PRDM8<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). These results on differential DNA methylation in newborns with prenatal phthalate exposure provide new insights and targets to explore mechanism of adverse effects of phthalates on human health. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:398\u2013410, 2017. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,28]],"date-time":"2017-05-28T02:16:49Z","timestamp":1495937809000},"page":"398-410","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Prenatal phthalate exposure and altered patterns of DNA methylation in cord blood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Olivia","family":"Solomon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), University of California Berkeley California 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Yousefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), University of California Berkeley California 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Huen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), University of California Berkeley California 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert B.","family":"Gunier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), University of California Berkeley California 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Escudero\u2010Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), University of California Berkeley California 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa F.","family":"Barcellos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), University of California Berkeley California 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Eskenazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), University of California Berkeley California 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), University of California Berkeley California 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319715585664"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2013.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.21850"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2016.1161875"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7337"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2011.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP595"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr3494"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP188"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-3055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2016.1233091"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"CDC \u2010 National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals \u2010 NER. 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