{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T19:30:44Z","timestamp":1771875044067,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environ and Mol Mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal fat intake during pregnancy affects fetal growth, but mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. We performed an exploratory study of the associations of fat consumption during pregnancy with cord blood DNA methylation of the insulin\u2010like growth factor 2 (<jats:italic>IGF2<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>H19<\/jats:italic> genes. We used data from 96 uncomplicated full\u2010term pregnancies of mothers of whom majority had normal body mass index (BMI) (66%) in Project Viva, a prospective pre\u2010birth cohort. We assessed maternal diet with validated food frequency questionnaires during the first and second trimesters and measured DNA methylation in segments of the <jats:italic>IGF2<\/jats:italic>\u2010 and <jats:italic>H19<\/jats:italic>\u2010differentially methylated regions (DMRs) by pyrosequencing DNA extracted from umbilical cord blood samples. Mean (SD) age was 32.8 (4.1) years and prepregnancy BMI was 24.0 (4.4)\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Mean DNA methylation was 56.3% (3.9%) for <jats:italic>IGF2<\/jats:italic>\u2010DMR and 44.6% (1.9%) for <jats:italic>H19<\/jats:italic>\u2010DMR. Greater first trimester intake of omega\u20106 polyunsaturated fat (effect per 1% of calories at the expense of carbohydrates) was associated with lower DNA methylation of <jats:italic>IGF2<\/jats:italic>\u2010DMR (\u22121.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: \u22122.2%, \u22120.2%) and higher DNA methylation at <jats:italic>H19<\/jats:italic>\u2010DMR (0.8%; 95% CI: 0.3%, 1.3%). On the other hand, greater first trimester intake of omega\u20103 polyunsaturated fat was associated with lower DNA methylation of the <jats:italic>H19<\/jats:italic>\u2010DMR (\u22124.3%; 95% CI: \u22127.9%, \u22120.8%). We did not find significant associations of <jats:italic>IGF2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>H19<\/jats:italic> methylation with IGF2 cord blood levels. Our findings suggest that early prenatal fat intake (omega\u20103, omega\u20106, and saturated fatty acids) may influence DNA methylation at the <jats:italic>IGF2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>H19<\/jats:italic> locus, which could impact fetal development and long\u2010term health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T08:06:40Z","timestamp":1626854800000},"page":"388-398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Dietary fat intake during early pregnancy is associated with cord blood DNA methylation at <i>IGF2<\/i> and <i>H19<\/i> genes in newborns"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Yu\u2010Han","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts 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