{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T10:33:48Z","timestamp":1777286028382,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environ and Mol Mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In March 2020, the Italian government imposed a national lockdown which was almost completely removed in June 2020. Due to the abrupt stop of human activities, emissions of air pollutants decreased. Air pollution is an environmental risk factor for noncommunicable disease and mortality. Emerging evidence also suggests a role in male infertility. In this study, we compared sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF) levels and conventional semen parameters between subjects undergoing sDF determination and routine semen analysis in a single Italian centre, during about 6 months before (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 119) and after lockdown (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 105). After lockdown, we found an improvement of sperm progressive motility (48.00[38.50\u201358.00]% vs. 42.00[33.00\u201353.00]%) and sDF levels (as total: 24.79[18.33\u201333.97]% vs. 35.02[25.04\u201345.73]%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001; brighter: 14.02[10.69\u201317.93]% vs 18.54[13.58\u201325.82]%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001 and dimmer sDF: 9.24[5.64\u201315.78]% vs. 12.24[8.08\u201319.10]%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01), mirrored by a decrease of leukocyte semen concentration (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). The improvement of sperm motility and DNA quality was maintained after adjusting for leukocyte concentration and several conditions known to affect sperm motility and\/or sDF levels. With a significant decrease in air pollution observed in Tuscany during and after lockdown, associated improvement in sperm motility and DNA quality in patients referred to the infertility clinic is suggestive of the potential role of air pollution in male infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T13:11:25Z","timestamp":1675170685000},"page":"148-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Decrease of air pollution during lockdown in Tuscany (Italy): An effect on sperm DNA fragmentation?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Costanza","family":"Calamai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oumaima","family":"Ammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Marchiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selene","family":"Degl'Innocenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit AOU Careggi  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Fino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit AOU Careggi  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Righi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Center AOU Careggi  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Dabizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit AOU Careggi  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Baldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit AOU Careggi  Florence Italy"},{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Vignozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d University of Florence  Florence Italy"},{"name":"Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit AOU Careggi  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0925-0009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Muratori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02062-9_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD15325"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","article-title":"Impact of heavy alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking on sperm DNA integrity","volume":"4","author":"Amor H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione Ambientale della Toscana. Avaiable at:https:\/\/www.arpat.toscana.it\/temi-ambientali\/aria\/qualita-aria\/grafici_bollettino. [Accessed on 8 May 2022]"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13170"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.626432"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2018.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346722"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68201-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2019.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165125"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-017-9606-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(22)00090-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091644"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2009.00995.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-32300-4_35"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233721989892"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1080\/10934520801959815","article-title":"Alteration of sperm quality and hormone levels by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on airborne particulate particles","volume":"43","author":"Jeng H.A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic\/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2017-104529"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12297"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levine H. J\u00f8rgensen N. Martino\u2010Andrade A. Mendiola J. Weksler\u2010Derri D. Jolles M.et al. (2022)Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta\u2010regression analysis of samples collected globally in the 20th and 21st centuries. Human Reproduction Update. Nov 15:dmac035.","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmac035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.302"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.174854"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23548"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gam046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2014.00208.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2014.00158"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.109.008508"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12050654"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-017-0713-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv338"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460.2015.1013986"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113835"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)03294-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.05.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108887"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8232"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2013.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.103871"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa159"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)56450-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-013-1082-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","volume-title":"Health risk assessment of air pollution: general principles","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","volume-title":"WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.876615"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/513196"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.383"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.12.030"}],"container-title":["Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/em.22530","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/em.22530","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/em.22530","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T18:23:56Z","timestamp":1692728636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/em.22530"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/em.22530"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/em.22530","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-6692","1098-2280"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-6692","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2280","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}