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After the MS\u2010PCR of blood in 224 samples, 103 infertile patients (62 smokers and 41 non\u2010smokers) and 121 fertile men, methylation level changes between groups and the effect of methylation and smoking on infertility and semen parameters in infertile men were determined. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the methylation status (MM, MU, UU) of the <jats:italic>CHD5<\/jats:italic> gene between the patient and the control group, and this correlation also exists for the semen parameters (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). The average semen parameters in smokers decreased significantly compared to non\u2010smokers and sperm concentration was (32.21\u2009\u00b1\u20095.27 vs. 55.27\u2009\u00b1\u20093.38), respectively. MM methylation status was higher in smokers (22.5%) compared to non\u2010smokers (14.6%). Smoking components affect the methylation pattern of <jats:italic>CHD5<\/jats:italic> gene, and smokers had higher methylation levels and lower semen parameters than non\u2010smokers, which can be biomarkers for evaluating semen quality and infertility risk factors. Understanding the epigenetic effects of smoking on male infertility can be very useful for predicting negative consequences of smoking and providing therapeutic solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T11:04:47Z","timestamp":1706785487000},"page":"76-83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effect of smoking on methylation and semen parameters"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8700-7066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasim","family":"Naeimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science University of Sistan and Baluchestan  Zahedan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1234-1617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Homa","family":"Mohseni 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