{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T17:08:38Z","timestamp":1764781718313},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]],"date-time":"2006-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6769,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ and Mol Mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The importance of inherited mutations as a cause of human disease has been established clearly through examples of well\u2010defined genetic anomalies, such as Down syndrome and retinoblastoma. Furthermore, it is suspected that environmental contaminants induce mutations resulting in increased risk for such defects in subsequent generations of persons exposed. The present lack of direct evidence for induced inherited genetic disorders in human beings hampers the development of risk estimation techniques for extrapolation from animal models. The most extensive prospective epidemiologic studies of inherited genetic effects have involved survivors of atomic bomb detonations and patients treated with cancer chemotherapy. In neither case has a significant elevation in inherited genetic effects or cancer been detected in the offspring of exposed individuals. Epidemiologic studies of subjects receiving chronic exposure may be confounded by the effect of maternal exposure during pregnancy. Consideration of only paternal exposure can minimize the confounding influence of teratogenicity, enhancing the resolving power of studies for inherited effects. Using this approach, retrospective (case\u2010control) studies of childhood cancer patients have provided limited but suggestive evidence for inheritance of induced effects. Endpoints, such as congenital malformations and spontaneous abortion following paternal exposure, can also be considered as indicators of heritable mutagenic effects. For example, there is limited evidence suggesting that paternal exposure to anaesthetic gases may cause miscarriage and congenital abnormalities as a result of induced male germ cell mutations. By comparing male\u2010exposure endpoints for which there are human data, as described above, with parallel or similar animal endpoints, such as dominant lethal, inherited cancer and \u201cmale teratogenic\u201d effects, it is possible that suitable models for extrapolating to human risk can be developed. In order to establish a clearer relationship between induced mutation and genetic disease, the current surveillance systems should be expanded to include endpoints relevant to genetic study. The relaxation of regulations regarding access to census data could improve the chances of documenting such an association.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850110311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T16:28:56Z","timestamp":1172075336000},"page":"401-415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Human mutagens: Evidence from paternal exposure?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Narod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George R.","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Earle R.","family":"Nestmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Blakey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-4970-9_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"477","volume-title":"Genetic Toxicology of Environmental Chemicals. Part B. Genetic Effects and Applied Mutagenesis","author":"Adler I","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/2.2.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197410000-00004"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Investigation of abnormal foetuses in the litters of male rats chronically treated with cyclophosphamide","volume":"9","author":"Anderson D","year":"1987","journal-title":"Environ Mutagen"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(85)90023-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"415","article-title":"Fetal and neonatal effects of cytotoxic agents","volume":"51","author":"Barber RK","year":"1981","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-7992(83)90214-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"Occupation and outcome of pregnancy: A population based study in Norway","volume":"163","author":"Bjerkedal T","year":"1985","journal-title":"Prog Clin Biol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for studies of human populations exposed to mutagenic and reproductive hazards","author":"Bloom AD","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197110000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1975.0270"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1980.0345"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"150","article-title":"Angiosarcoma of the liver in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride","volume":"16","author":"Creech JL","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Mutation in human populations","volume":"14","author":"Crow JF","year":"1984","journal-title":"Adv Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(75)90085-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/54.6.1381","article-title":"Dominant mutations affecting the skeleton in offspring of irradiated male mice","volume":"54","author":"Ehling UH","year":"1966","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-4970-9_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"501","volume-title":"Genetic Toxicology of Environmental Chemicals. Pan B. Genetic Effects and Applied Mutagenesis","author":"Ehling UH","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03350070021017","article-title":"Vietnam veterans risks for fathering babies with birth defects","volume":"252","author":"Erickson JD","year":"1984","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03350070021017","volume-title":"Vietnam veterans risks for fathering babies with birth defects","author":"Erickson JD","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"98","article-title":"Occupations of fathers at time of birth of children dying of malignant disease","volume":"28","author":"Fabia J","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br J Prev Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(82)90263-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)91534-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(80)90010-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-198208000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820601)49:11<2285::AID-CNCR2820491114>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(85)90009-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"138","article-title":"Cancer in the offspring of fathers in hydrocarbon\u2010related occupations","volume":"30","author":"Hakulinen T","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br J Prev Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"499","article-title":"Male risk factors for spontaneous abortion","volume":"120","author":"Hatch M","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens","author":"Haynes RH","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.35.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19840415)53:8<1637::AID-CNCR2820530802>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550020405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197804)41:4<1317::AID-CNCR2820410416>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/22.4.327"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198106043042301"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)93103-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer(1982):IARC monograph on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Chemicals industrial processes and industries associated with cancer in humans. IARC Monographs Vols. 1 to 29. IARC Monogr Suppl 4."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(84)90106-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(87)90115-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.5.3138"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.33.4.253"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)91048-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)80022-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(77)90168-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.131.3402.730"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(64)90013-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Mutagenicity, New Horizons in Genetic Toxicology","author":"Kucerova M","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-198012000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1975.10666733"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00378441"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)93279-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","first-page":"1193","article-title":"Offspring of patients treated for cancer in childhood","volume":"62","author":"Li FP","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Mutagenesis and Genetic Toxicology, Theoretical and Practical Results","author":"Lyon MF","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","first-page":"449","volume-title":"Genetic Toxicology of Environmental Chemicals. Part B. Genetic Effects and Applied Mutagenesis","author":"Lyon MF","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tcm.1770040204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/g83-070"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-7992(86)90155-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)91650-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","first-page":"459","volume-title":"Genetic Toxicology of Environmental Chemicals. Part B. Genetic Effects and Applied Mutagenesis","author":"Moutschen J","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","first-page":"A72","article-title":"Genetic disease in offspring of survivors of cancer in the young","volume":"38","author":"Mulvihill JJ","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Prospectives in mutation epidemiology. A 1983 view of sentinel phenotypes","volume":"30","author":"Mulvihill JJ","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","first-page":"333","article-title":"Offspring of long term survivors of childhood cancer","volume":"4","author":"Mulvihill JJ","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.7.4221"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Chemical Mutagenesis, Human Population Monitoring and Genetic Risk Assessment","author":"Neel JV","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420190315"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.119.1.33-35.1974","article-title":"Mutagenesis by mutator gene mutH1 in continuous cultures of Escherichia coli","volume":"119","author":"Nestmann ER","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","first-page":"2176","article-title":"On action of lead on body of lead refinery workers: Particularly on conception, pregnancy and parturition in case of females and of vitality of their newborn","volume":"4","author":"Nogaki K","year":"1958","journal-title":"Excerp Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/296575a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Pregnancy after hydatidiform mole","volume":"42","author":"Pastorfide GB","year":"1973","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7244631"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)92927-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.1978.22.3.202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197602)37:2 <1043::AID-CNCR2820370809>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/274911a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(81)90010-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(84)90008-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Genetic Toxicology of Environmental Chemicals. Part B. Genetic Effects and Applied Mutagenesis","author":"Russell WL","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6411.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.35.4.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01770028"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-39-468-901"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-93-1-109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7268429"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","first-page":"511","volume-title":"Genetic Toxicology of Environmental Chemicals. Part B. Genetic Effects and Applied Mutagenesis","author":"Searle AG","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","first-page":"275","volume-title":"Chemical Mutagenesis, Human Population Monitoring and Genetic Risk Assessment","author":"Selby PB","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)90640-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114062","article-title":"Neuroblastoma and paternal occupation","volume":"121","author":"Spitz MR","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(75)90262-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.53.5.800","article-title":"Monitoring for human mutagenesis","volume":"53","author":"Sutton HE","year":"1974","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000131640"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","first-page":"659","article-title":"Exposure to anesthetic gases and reproductive outcome. A review of the epidemiologic literature","volume":"27","author":"Tannenbaum TN","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6166.779"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.169.3952.1326"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","first-page":"143","volume-title":"Chemical Mutagenesis, Human Population Monitoring and Genetic Risk Assessment","author":"Vogel F","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","unstructured":"WaxweilerJ FalkH McMichaelA MallovJS GrivasAS(1977):A cross\u2010sectional epidemiological survey of vinyl chloride workers. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Division of Surveillance Hazard Evaluation and Field Studies Cincinnati. PB 274193."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Study of Genetic Effects in Human Populations","author":"WHO","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)92665-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_101_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Testicular function in DCBP exposed pesticide workers","volume":"21","author":"Whorton D","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_102_1","first-page":"253","article-title":"Paternal occupation of fathers of patients with Wilms' tumors","volume":"33","author":"Wilkins JR","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Commun Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_103_1","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Monitoring of Occupational Genotoxicants","author":"Wyrobek AJ","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(73)90057-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112904"}],"container-title":["Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fem.2850110311","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/em.2850110311","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T23:28:31Z","timestamp":1697844511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/em.2850110311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/em.2850110311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/em.2850110311","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-6692","1098-2280"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-6692","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2280","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]}}}