{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T19:58:57Z","timestamp":1784750337018,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]],"date-time":"2006-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6403,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ and Mol Mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a high production volume chemical frequently stabilized with oxiranes. These oxiranes may be responsible for the mutagenic activity of TCE in <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, which has been occasionally, but not consistently, reported. High purity and oxirane\u2010stabilized TCE samples were tested for their mutagenic potential in <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic> strains TA 1535, TA 98, and TA 100. Stabilized TCE was tested using a preincubation protocol up to a dose level of 10,000 \u03bc per plate, but no mutagenic response was observed in either the presence or absence of a supplementary metabolic activation system (S9 mix) derived from Aroclor 1254\u2010induced male rat liver. TCE without oxirane stabilizers also was nonmutagenic when tested in a vapor delivery system at nominal concentrations of up to 20% and using S9 mix derived from either rat or hamster. TCE containing 0.5\u20130.6% 1, 2\u2010epoxybutane did induce mutagenic responses from strains TA 1535 and TA 100 in the presence and absence of S9 mix. The lowest effective dose was about 0.63% in TA 1535 in the absence of S9 mix. Vapor\u2010phase tests with 1, 2\u2010epoxybutane showed that an atmospheric concentration of 0.009% could induce 12\u2010fold and 3\u2010fold increases, respectively, in strains TA 1535 and TA 100. These increases would account for the mutagenic activity of the stabilized TCE sample. Epichlorohydrin (another commonly used stabilizer) induced similar increases in mutant numbers at an atmospheric concentration of 0.0009%. The absence of a significant response caused by unstabilized TCE in the presence of S9 mix is probably due to a lack of assay sensitivity, since chloral, a metabolite of TCE, is a mutagen in TA 100 [Haworth et al.: <jats:italic>Environ Mutagen<\/jats:italic> [Supplement 1] 5:3\u2013142, 1983].<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850130302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T16:39:59Z","timestamp":1172075999000},"page":"197-202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Conditions affecting the mutagenicity of trichloroethylene in <i>Salmonella<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"D. B.","family":"McGregor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. M.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Zeiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.70.8.2281"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/51.5.417"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(86)90069-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(84)90568-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00498258609043517"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-69928-3_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.21.243"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(75)90396-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2860050703"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00343270"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00355492"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00366179"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"The carcinogenicity of trichloroethylene and its metabolites, trichloacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid in mouse liver","volume":"27","author":"Herren\u2010Freund SL","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(78)80002-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Experimental Research on Trichloroethylene Carcinogenesis","author":"Maltoni C","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(83)90010-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-6639-3_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","series-title":"Tech. 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No. 86\u20132529 Research Triangle Park NC."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00120162"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00330820"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00293858"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Chemical structure and carcinogenicity relationships of some chloroalkene oxides and their parent olefins","volume":"43","author":"Van Duuren BL","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fem.2850130302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/em.2850130302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T17:21:06Z","timestamp":1697995266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/em.2850130302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/em.2850130302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/em.2850130302","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-6692","1098-2280"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-6692","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2280","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]}}}