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Twelve cancer patients, treated with 180\u2013200 cGy\/day, 5 days\/wk, for 3\u20137 wk, were studied before treatment, at various weekly intervals during treatment, and after treatment. The <jats:italic>hprt<\/jats:italic> mutation assays were done with frozen\/thawed lymphocytes isolated from aliquots of the same blood samples used for the chromosome aberration assays. The <jats:italic>hprt<\/jats:italic> variant frequencies (Vfs) of only 4 of the 7 patients assayed at 2 wk of treatment were elevated over pre\u2010treatment Vfs, but during the 3rd and 4th weeks of treatment there were significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) 5\u2010 to 15\u2010fold increases in all Vfs. By 6\u201332 wk after treatment Vfs had fallen to levels only slightly higher than the mean pre\u2010treatment Vf. The frequencies of cells with dicentric chromosomes were significantly increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) after 1 wk of radiotherapy, continued to increase during therapy, and remained elevated after treatment. Five multiple sclerosis patients were also studied before and at 2 and 4 wk intervals after treatment with monthly i.v. doses of 750 mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> of cyclophosphamide (CP). There were no significant elevations in chromosome aberrations at these post\u2010treatment sample times. Previous assays for <jats:italic>hprt<\/jats:italic> mutants, done with aliquats of the same blood samples (Ammenheuser et al.: <jats:italic>Mutat Res<\/jats:italic> 204:509\u2013520, 1988), had shown 8\u2010 to 20\u2010fold increases in Vfs 2 wk after the 1st CP treatment. Our results demonstrate the complementary nature of these two human monitoring assays and emphasize the importance of careful selection of optimal sampling times.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850180208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T18:36:45Z","timestamp":1172083005000},"page":"126-135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Comparison of <i>Hprt<\/i> variant frequencies and chromosome aberration frequencies in lymphocytes from radiotherapy and chemotherapy patients: A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Marinel M.","family":"Ammenheuser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William W.","family":"Au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Elbert 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