{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T23:38:04Z","timestamp":1769729884796,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]],"date-time":"2006-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5308,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ and Mol Mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three species of marine bivalve molluscs (<jats:italic>Chamelea gallina, Ruditapes decussatus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Crassostrea gigas<\/jats:italic>) have been studied in order to evaluate the levels of pollution on the South Atlantic Spanish littoral. Several transition metals (Cu, As, Cd, Sn, Hg, Pb) were determined as a general index of total contamination. Animals from putative contaminated areas exhibited higher metal contents than those from cleaner waters. <jats:italic>C. gigas<\/jats:italic> showed 5\u201320\u2010fold higher total metal content than the other two species. The mutagenicity of ethanolic extracts was assayed by using both the His reversion and the Ara forward mutation tests. Mollusc tissues from the three species did not contain genotoxins active on TA98 (frameshift mutations) or TA100 (mainly G:C base\u2010pair substitutions), but did contain direct\u2010acting genotoxins of a polar nature and oxidative type. This was based on the following observations: 1) mammalian metabolic activation was not required for mutagenicity, 2) mutagens were eluted with the polar fraction from XAD\u20102 columns, and 3) mutagenic responses were observed with <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic> TA102 (A:T base\u2010pair substitutions; sensitive to oxidative damages) and <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> catalase\u2010deficient (Ara<jats:sup>R<\/jats:sup> forward mutations) strains. No relevant differences were found in the mutagenicity of mollusc extracts from areas with different pollution levels. Otherwise, our data suggest that, in general, animals living in contaminated environments had fewer genotoxins of oxidative type than those from less polluted areas. Such a result might be explained by the observation of increased levels of a number of detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione\u2010S\u2010transferase, glutathione\u2010peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Thus, contaminated animals seem to be better protected against the oxidative damages induced by metals, in agreement with their lower malondialdehyde levels. To what extent the responsible mutagenic compounds are of endogenous origins, or \u201cNature's pesticides\u201d (the major toxic chemicals ingested by phytoplankton filterfeeders), and\/or the result of human activities remains to be determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850190205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T18:33:30Z","timestamp":1172082810000},"page":"112-124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Metal, mutagenicity, and biochemical studies on bivalve molluscs from Spanish coasts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Rodriguez\u2010Ariza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nieves","family":"Abril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 I.","family":"Navas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Dorado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Barea\u2010Ariza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Pueyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(89)90058-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850150403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(83)90223-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(87)90001-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-7992(82)90118-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850140614"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(75)90046-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.19.7777"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(88)90114-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01577723"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50881-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Selective activation of carcinogenic aromatic amines to bacterial mutagens in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis","volume":"85","author":"Britvic S","year":"1986","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-445X(88)90004-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(85)80056-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"A Manual for Genetic Engineering. 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