{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T03:05:43Z","timestamp":1791169543037,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]],"date-time":"2006-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4577,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ and Mol Mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The genotoxicity and\/or toxicity of benzo(a)pyrene (BOP) were evaluated under different light\u2010 ing conditions in larvae and embryos of the newt Pleurodeles walfl. Visible light alone 11,220 Ix; 2.1 mW\/cm2), UVA alone (250 \u03bcW\/cm ), or BOP alone (500,50,25,12.5 ppb) had no toxic effects on the larvae. Conversely, toxic effects were ob\u2010 served in animals exposed to BOP (500 ppb) + daylight, or BaP (\u226525 ppb) + UVA. BOP solutions (50 or 12.5 ppb) were irradiated for 24 hr (Irr BaP) prior to being assayed in the dark. The genotoxicity of BOP (50ppb) as evaluated in the micronucleus test (on day 8) was halved by its previous exposure to UVA, and was abol\u2010 ished at the lowest concentration (12.5 ppb). In other experiments, the larvae were exposed al\u2010 ternatively to BaP or Irr BaP (18 hr in the dark) and UVA (6 hr in water), every day for 8 days. All animals that had accumulated non\u2010irradiated BOP (50 ppb) showed signs of severe toxicity, and 90% died before the end of the test. On the other hand, irradiated BOP (50 ppb) was 4\u2010fold less toxic and half as genotoxic as non\u2010irradi\u2010 oted BaP. In addition, exposure of the animals to UVA alone for 4 days prior to treatment with BaP did not affect the genotoxicity or toxicity of this hydrocarbon. In the dark, the embryotoxicity of BOP was markedly attenuated by the presence of the jelly coats (10% vs. 24%). With deiellied em\u2010 bryos, comparable mortality (24%) was ob\u2010 served after exposure to 25 ppb BOP for 54 or 312 hr. Although UVA alone did not affect growth of the embryos, the toxicity of BaP was enhanced by the combined action of the two agents together or in succession (BOP + UVA or BaP then UVA). Larvae were treated with an oil refinery effluent (EF). At the concentration em\u2010 ployed (125 mM), EF was not found to be geno\u2010 toxic in the dark. However, in animals exposed to both EF and UVA, there was a progressive increase in level of micronucleated erythrocytes with increasing duration of daily exposure to UVA (9,15,24 hr). Moreover, the genotoxic potential of irradiated EF + UVA was systematically below that of non\u2010irradiated EF + UVA for all durations of exposure to ultraviolet light. lrradiotion of this type of effluent might help reduce its harmful effects on aquatic species. Our results also suggest that metabolic activa\u2010 tion is not necessary for hydrocarbons to induce toxic effects. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850240208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T19:17:50Z","timestamp":1172085470000},"page":"124-136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Effects of light on the cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Benzo(a)pyrene and an oil refinery effluent in the newt"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"I'Haridon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"AFNOR(1985): \u201cNorme exp\u00e9rimentale T 90\u2013305. Essais des eaux: D\u00e9termination de la toxicit\u00e9 aig\u00fce d'une substance vis\u2010\u00e0\u2010vis deSalmo gairdneri: M\u00e9thodes sans renouvellement et avec renouvellement continu du milieu.\u201d Paris: Association Francaise de Normalisation (AFNOR) Juin."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"AFNOR(1992): \u201cNorme exp\u00e9rimentale T 90\u2013325. Essais des eaux: Evaluation de la g\u00e9notoxicit\u00e9 au moyen de larves de batraciens (Pleurodeles waltl).\u201d Paris: Association Francaise de Normalisation (AFNOR) Mai."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"479","article-title":"Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the water environment","volume":"43","author":"Andelman JB","year":"1970","journal-title":"Bull World Health Org"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.1964.60.1.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/o90-146"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(91)90183-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(88)90578-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2981433"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.6.1696"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1991.tb03927.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/10.6.1089"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/11.12.2171"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15376519109044562"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6304879"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"FernandezM(1992): \u201cEffets toxiques g\u00e9notoxiques et t\u00e9ratog\u00e9nes engendr\u00e9s par des agents physiques et des polluants hydriques chez l'amphibienPleurodeles waltl.\u201d Toulouse: Th\u00e9se de doctorat d'Etat Sciences Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"Recherches sur le r\u01d2le de la temp\u00e9rature dans la r\u00e9alisation du ph\u00e9notype chez les embryons de l'amphibien Pleurodeles waltlii homozygotes pour la mutation ac (ascite caudale)","volume":"34","author":"Fernandez M","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(92)90026-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/4.1.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(93)90010-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(93)90419-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1980.60.4.1107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(78)90152-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2860080105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(86)90058-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons","author":"Katz M","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-155060-8.50008-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"539","volume-title":"Methods in Enzymology","author":"Lesko SA","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074823379000600202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"213","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by the larva of the newt Pleurodeles waltl","volume":"93","author":"Marty J","year":"1989","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-6513(92)90042-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2683468"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(81)90045-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Electron spin resonance study of the interaction between the chemical carcinogens and tissue components. 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Electron transfer from BaP to molecular oxygen and to peroxides, and interpretation of signals of the intermediate radicals of oxidation","volume":"30","author":"Tkac A","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neoplasma"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-155060-8.50010-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(88)90022-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550090306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(82)90122-3"}],"container-title":["Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fem.2850240208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/em.2850240208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T19:34:09Z","timestamp":1698176049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/em.2850240208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/em.2850240208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/em.2850240208","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-6692","1098-2280"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-6692","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2280","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]}}}