{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T22:27:09Z","timestamp":1759530429179},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]],"date-time":"2006-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4577,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ and Mol Mutagen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mechanisms by which two quinone\u2010forming compounds, hydroquinone (HQ) and <jats:italic>tert<\/jats:italic>\u2010butyl\u2010hydroquinone (tBHQ), induce chromosomal loss and breakage in a prostaglandin H synthase\u2010containing V79 cell line have been investigated using the cytokinesis\u2010block micronucleus assay with CREST antibody staining. Increased frequencies of CREST\u2010positive micronuclei (indicating chromosome loss) and CREST\u2010negative micronuclei (indicating chromosome breakage) were observed following exposure of cells to HQ and tBHQ. The formation of micronuclei by HQ, but not tBHQ, was dependent on arachi\u2010donic acid supplementation, indicating activation by prostaglandin H synthase. Since the oxidation of hydroquinones can result in the generation of oxygen radicals, the contribution of oxygen radicals to the formation of chromosomal alterations induced by HQ and tBHQ was investigated. In the presence of a superoxide\u2010generating system consisting of hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase, a significant increase in micronucleated cells was observed. These induced micronuclei consisted exclusively of CREST\u2010negative micronuclei and their formation was completely inhibited by pretreatment with catalase. Catalase also significantly inhibited the CREST\u2010negative micronuclei induced by HQ and tBHQ. In addition, glutathione treatment inhibited both CREST\u2010positive and negative micro\u2010nuclei induced by these phenolic compounds. These results indicate that both chromosome loss and breakage are induced by these two quinone\u2010forming agents. Reactive oxygen species contribute to the chromosomal breakage induced by HQ and tBHQ but the observed chromosomal loss appears to result from other mechanisms such as an interference of quinone metabolites with spindle formation. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850240406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T19:16:46Z","timestamp":1172085406000},"page":"293-300","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Role of oxygen radicals in the chromosomal loss and breakage induced by the quinone\u2010forming compounds, hydroquinone and <i>tert<\/i>\u2010butylhydroquinone"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Krista L.","family":"Dobo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Eastmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"143","volume-title":"StatView II.","author":"Abacus Concepts","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(93)90152-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/6.4.319"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf60122a015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00226140"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"BarrettJC OshimuraM TanakaN TsutsuiT(1987):Genetic and epige\u2010netic mechanisms of presumed nongenotoxic carcinogens. 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